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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | What is this report about? |
1.2. | Growing population and growing demand for food |
1.3. | Major crop yields are plateauing |
1.4. | Employment in agriculture |
1.5. | Global evolution of employment in agriculture |
1.6. | Aging farmer population |
1.7. | Trends in minimum wages globally |
1.8. | Towards ultra precision agriculture via the variable rate technology route |
1.9. | Ultra Precision farming will cause upheaval in the farming value chain |
1.10. | Agricultural robotics and ultra precision agriculture will cause upheaval in agriculture's value chain |
1.11. | The battle of business models between RaaS and equipment sales |
1.12. | Transition towards to swarms of small, slow, cheap and unmanned robots |
1.13. | Market and technology readiness by agricultural activity |
1.14. | Technology progression towards driverless autonomous large-sized tractors |
1.15. | Technology progression towards autonomous, ultra precision de-weeding |
1.16. | Technology and progress progression roadmap for robotic fresh fruit harvesting |
1.17. | Ten-year market forecasts for all agricultural robots and drones segmented by type and/or function |
1.18. | Ten-year market forecasts for autonomous and mobile agricultural robots and drones segmented by type and/or function |
2. | AUTONOMOUS MOBILITY FOR LARGE TRACTORS |
2.1. | Number tractors sold globally |
2.2. | Value of crop production and average farm sizes per region |
2.3. | Overview of top agricultural equipment companies |
2.4. | Tractor Guidance and Autosteer Technology for Large Tractors |
2.5. | Auto steer for large tractors |
2.6. | Ten-year forecasts for autosteer tractors |
2.7. | Master-slave or follow-me large autonomous tractors |
2.8. | Fully autonomous driverless large tractors |
2.9. | Technology progression towards driverless autonomous large-sized tractors |
2.10. | Ten-year market forecasts for tractor guidance, autosteer and fully autonomous tractors/combines |
3. | AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC AGRICULTURAL PLATFORMS |
3.1. | Autonomous small-sized agricultural robots |
3.2. | Autonomous agricultural robotic platforms |
3.3. | Ten-year market forecasts for autonomous robotic data scouts |
4. | ROBOTIC WEED KILLING |
4.1. | From manned, broadcast towards autonomous, ultra precision de-weeding |
4.2. | Crop protection chemical sales per top suppliers globally |
4.3. | Sales of top global and Chinese herbicide suppliers |
4.4. | Global herbicide consumption data |
4.5. | Glyphosate consumption and market globally |
4.6. | Regulations will impact the market for robotic weed killers? |
4.7. | Penetration of herbicides in different field crops |
4.8. | Growing challenge of herbicide-resistant weeds |
4.9. | Autonomous weed killing robots |
4.11. | Organic farming |
4.12. | Robotic mechanical weeding for organic farming |
4.13. | Technology progression towards autonomous, ultra precision de-weeding |
4.14. | Ten-year market forecast for robotic weeding by technology type |
5. | ROBOTIC VEGETABLE THINNING AND HARVESTING |
5.1. | Autonomous lettuce thinning robots |
5.3. | Automatic asparagus harvesting |
5.5. | Addressable market size for robotic lettuce thinning and weeding service provision |
5.6. | Ten-year market forecasts for robotic lettuce thinning and vegetable harvesting by technology and territory |
6. | ROBOTIC FRESH FRUIT PICKING |
6.1. | Field crop and non-fresh fruit harvesting is largely mechanized |
6.2. | Fresh fruit picking remains largely manual |
6.3. | Machining aiding humans in fresh fruit harvesting have not evolved in the past 50 years |
6.4. | Emerging robotic fresh fruit harvest assist technologies |
6.5. | Robot orchard data scouts and yield estimators |
6.6. | Emerging robotic fresh fruit harvest assist technologies |
6.7. | Robotic fresh apple harvesting |
6.8. | Robotic fresh citrus harvesting |
6.9. | Fresh fruit harvesting robots |
6.10. | Technology and progress progression roadmap for robotic fresh fruit harvesting |
6.11. | Addressable market size for robotic fresh apple-picking service provision |
6.12. | Ten-year market forecasts for robotic fresh citrus/apple harvesting by territory |
6.13. | Robotic fresh strawberry harvesting |
6.14. | Addressable market size for robotic fresh strawberry-picking service provision |
6.15. | Ten-year market forecasts for robotic fresh strawberry harvesting by territory |
7. | VINE PRUNING ROBOTS |
7.1. | Autonomous robotic vineyard scouts and pruners |
8. | GREENHOUSES AND NURSERIES |
8.1. | Autonomous robotics for greenhouses and nurseries |
9. | ROBOTIC SEEDERS |
9.1. | Variable rate technology for precision seed planting |
9.2. | Robotic seed planting |
10. | ROBOTIC DAIRY FARMING |
10.1. | Global trends and averages for diary farm sizes |
10.2. | Global number and distribution of dairy cows by territory |
10.3. | Global country-specific addressable markets for robotic milking machines and feed pushers |
10.4. | Robotic milking parlours |
10.6. | Autonomous robotic feed pushers |
10.7. | Alternatives to autonomous robotic feed pushers |
10.8. | Autonomous robotic shepherds |
10.9. | Autonomous manure cleaning robots |
10.10. | Ten-year market forecasts for robotic milking systems by country |
10.11. | Ten-year market forecasts for automatic feed pusher and other mobile robotics in dairy farming |
11. | AERIAL DATA COLLECTIONS |
11.1. | Satellite vs. plane vs drone mapping and scouting |
11.2. | Benefits of using aerial imaging in farming |
11.3. | Unmanned drones in rice field pest control in Japan |
11.4. | Unmanned drones and helicopters for field spraying |
11.5. | Unmanned agriculture drones on the market |
11.6. | Comparing different agricultural drones on the market |
11.7. | Regulation barriers coming down? |
11.8. | Agricultural drones: the emerging value chain |
11.9. | Core company information on key agricultural drone companies |
11.10. | Ten-year market forecasts for agricultural drones |
12. | KEY ENABLING COMPONENTS |
13. | GRIPPER TECHNOLOGY |
13.1. | Suction-based end effector technologies for fresh fruit harvesting |
13.2. | Simple and effective robotic end effectors for fruit harvesting |
13.3. | Soft robotics based end effector technologies for fresh fruit handling |
13.4. | Robotic end effector technologies for fresh fruit harvesting |
13.5. | Dexterous robotic hands for agricultural robotics |
13.6. | Examples of dexterous robotic hands |
14. | NAVIGATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES (RTK, LIDAR, LASERS AND OTHERS) |
14.1. | RTK systems: operation, performance and value chain |
14.2. | Lidar- basic operation principles |
14.3. | Review of LIDARs on the market or in development |
14.4. | Performance comparison of different LIDARs on the market or in development |
14.5. | Assessing suitability of different LIDAR for agricultural robotic applications |
14.6. | Hyperspectral image sensors |
14.7. | Hyperspectral imaging and precision agriculture |
14.8. | Hyperspectral imaging in other applications |
14.9. | Hyperspectral imaging sensors on the market |
14.10. | Common multi-spectral sensors used with agricultural drones |
14.11. | GeoVantage |
15. | MARKET FORECAST, BUSINESS LANDSCAPE, COMPANY POSITIONING, AND COMPANY PROFILE |
15.1. | Ten-year market forecasts for all agricultural robots and drones segmented by type and/or function |
15.3. | Ten-year market forecasts for autonomous and mobile agricultural robots and drones segmented by type and/or function |
15.4. | Ten-year market forecasts for tractor guidance, autosteer and fully autonomous tractors/combines |
15.5. | Ten-year market forecasts for autonomous robotic data scouts |
15.6. | Ten-year market forecast for robotic weeding by technology type |
15.7. | Ten-year market forecasts for robotic lettuce thinning and vegetable harvesting by technology and territory |
15.8. | Ten-year market forecasts for robotic fresh citrus/apple harvesting by territory |
15.9. | Ten-year market forecasts for robotic fresh strawberry harvesting by territory |
15.10. | Ten-year market forecasts for robotic milking systems by country |
15.11. | Ten-year market forecasts for automatic feed pusher and other mobile robotics in dairy farming |
15.12. | Ten-year market forecasts for agricultural drones |
16. | INTERVIEW-BASED COMPANY PROFILES |
16.1. | Agrobot |
16.2. | Blue River Technology |
16.3. | DeepField Robotics |
16.4. | F. Poulsen Engineering ApS |
16.5. | Fresh Fruit Robotics |
16.6. | Harvest CROO Robotics |
16.7. | Ibex Automation |
16.8. | miRobot |
16.9. | Naio Technologies |
16.10. | Nippon Signal |
16.11. | Parrot |
16.12. | Precision Hawk |
16.13. | Quanergy |
16.14. | Robotic Solutions |
16.15. | Shadow Robotics |
16.16. | Soft Robotics Inc |
16.17. | Stream Technologies |
16.18. | SwarmFarm Robotics |
16.19. | Tillet and Hague |
16.20. | Velodyne LiDAR |
17. | COMPANY PROFILES |
17.1. | 3D Robotics |
17.2. | AGCO |
17.3. | AgEagle |
17.4. | AgJunction Inc |
17.5. | Agribotix |
17.6. | Airinov |
17.7. | Autonomous Tractor Cooperation |
17.8. | Beijing UniStrong Science and Technology (BUST) |
17.9. | Case IH |
17.10. | Dogtooth Technologies |
17.11. | Empire Robotics |
17.12. | Farmbot |
17.13. | Festo |
17.14. | Gamaya |
17.15. | GrabIT |
17.16. | Harvest Automation |
17.17. | Headwall |
17.18. | HerdDog |
17.19. | HETO |
17.20. | HiPhen |
17.21. | Hortau |
17.22. | John Deere |
17.23. | Kinzes Autonomous Harvest System |
17.24. | Kubota Corp |
17.25. | L'Avion Jaune |
17.26. | LeddarTech |
17.27. | Lely |
17.28. | LemnaTec |
17.29. | Magnificant |
17.30. | Mavrx |
17.31. | McRobotic |
17.32. | MicaSense |
17.33. | Motorleaf |
17.34. | NavCom |
17.35. | Near Earth Autonomy |
17.36. | Novariant |
17.37. | Orbital Insight |
17.38. | Pix4D |
17.39. | Prospera |
17.40. | Qubit Systems |
17.41. | Robotics Plus |
17.42. | Robotnik |
17.43. | Scanse |
17.44. | senseFly |
17.45. | Sentra |
17.46. | SkySquirrel |
17.47. | SpeIR |
17.48. | Trimble |
17.49. | UAV-IQ Precision Agriculture |
17.50. | Urban Crops |
17.51. | URSULA Agriculture |
17.52. | VineRangers |
17.53. | Yanmar |
17.54. | Yara |
18. | COMPANIES COVERED IN THE REPORT |
18.1. | Aarhus University |
18.2. | Abundant Robotic Inc |
18.3. | Adigo |
18.4. | Aerial Technology Limited |
18.5. | Agricultural Solutions Ltd |
18.6. | Ai-Solution |
18.7. | Amazonen-Werke |
18.8. | Australian Centre of Field Robotics |
18.9. | Autonomous Tractor Corporation |
18.10. | BASF |
18.11. | Bayer |
18.12. | BeauMatic Robotics |
18.13. | Bosch |
18.14. | C. Write & Son Ltd |
18.15. | Carnegie Mellow University |
18.16. | Cerescon |
18.17. | CNH Industrial (Case IH and New Holland) |
18.18. | Conpleks Innovation (Kongskilde Vibro Crop Robotti) |
18.19. | Cork University |
18.20. | DBR Conveyor Concepts |
18.21. | Delair-tech |
18.22. | DeLaval |
18.23. | DEMCON |
18.24. | Deutz Fahr |
18.25. | DJI |
18.26. | Dorhout R&D |
18.27. | Dow |
18.28. | DroneDeploy |
18.29. | DuPont |
18.30. | ecoRobotix |
18.31. | Energid |
18.32. | Ferrari Costruzioni Meccaniche |
18.33. | Festo |
18.34. | FMTC |
18.35. | Frankin Robotics |
18.36. | Fuji Heavy Industries |
18.37. | Gardford Machinery |
18.38. | Geiger Lund |
18.39. | GeoVantage |
18.40. | Hexacon |
18.41. | HoneyComb |
18.42. | Industrial Technology Centre of Nagasaki |
18.43. | JCB |
18.44. | JOZ |
18.45. | Kinov |
18.46. | Kinze Autonomy |
18.47. | Kongskilde Industries A/S (Kongskilde Vibro Crop Robotti) |
18.48. | KU Leuven |
18.49. | Lockheed Martin |
18.50. | Mahindra Group |
18.51. | Monosem |
18.52. | Monsanto |
18.53. | Nurfam |
18.54. | Pneubotics |
18.55. | Precision Planting LLC |
18.56. | Pulse Electronics |
18.57. | Queensland University of Technology(Agbot I and Agbot II) |
18.58. | Resonon |
18.59. | RoboPeak |
18.60. | Rowbot |
18.61. | SAC Milking |
18.62. | SAPOS |
18.63. | Schunk |
18.64. | SICK |
18.65. | Strauss Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH |
18.66. | Sumitomo Chemical |
18.67. | Syngenta |
18.68. | Topcon |
18.69. | University of Illinois |
18.70. | University of New South Wales |
18.71. | Vision Robots Corp |
18.72. | Wageningen University |
18.73. | Wall-Ye |
18.74. | Wasserbauer |
18.75. | Yamaha |
TABLES AND FIGURES INCLUDE: | |
Evolution of agricultural machinery from manual hoes through to robots | |
Population growth between 1950 and 2050 segmented by development stage | |
Income growth of developed and developing countries between 2005 and 2050 | |
Expansion in global arable land between 1961 to 2050 in million ha | |
Grain yield improvements by territory for wheat, maize and rice between 1950 to 2012 | |
Share of labour force working in agriculture between 1300 to 2000 for England, Netherlands, Italy France and Poland | |
Output per unit of labour in agriculture between 1961 to 2001 by country | |
Global map of agricultural employment for 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s | |
Average age of principal farm operator in the USA between 192 to 2120 | |
Average age of different farmer groups in Australia | |
Correlation between minimum wage and GPD per person at PPP | |
Minimum wage level in $/hr by country | |
Real hourly wage for non-supervisory hired farm works in the US between 1990 and 2012 | |
Technology roadmap showing progression from constant rate technology, to variable rate technology and now ultra-precision technology | |
Existing and emerging value chain of agriculture showing how robotic technologies shift value away from traditional players | |
Assessing the pros and cons of RaaS vs. equipment sale model | |
Evolution of agriculture machinery from heavy, fast, large to light, slow and small | |
Soil compaction depth as a function of year caused by increased vehicle weight | |
Table showing that new robots need to be 24 times cheaper than traditional tractor models | |
Market and technology readiness chart placing different agricultural robotic technology on levels ranging from proof-of-concept to fully maturity | |
Market and technology readiness chart placing different agricultural robotic companies on levels ranging from proof-of-concept to fully maturity | |
Technology roadmap showings technology progression from manned tractor to tractor guidance to manned autosteer to master-slave and to fully autonomous tractors | |
Technology roadmap showing progress from manned aerial vehicles towards fully autonomous ultra-precision weeding | |
Technology roadmap showings the progression of robotic technology in fresh fruit harvesting | |
Ten-year market forecasts segmented by 14 agricultural robotics categories | |
Number of tractors sold globally between 2010 and 2014 by country | |
Number of tractors sold in the USA and Canada by horse power level between 2006 and 2015 | |
Total value of crop production in $bn between 2009 and 2016 fir EU, USA, Brazil, CIS, China and India | |
Table showing the number and average size of farms in USA, EU, Brazil, CIS, China and India | |
Revenues in $bn of leading tractor suppliers including Yanmar, Deutz Fahr, Mihandra, AGCO, John Deere, Kubota Tractor Corp., CNN Industrial and so on | |
5- or 10-year annual sales for Kubota, John Deere, AGCO, Mihandra, CNH Industrial, Deutz Fahr and so on | |
RTK GPS-enabled auto-steer technology | |
Number of GNSS receivers in used agriculture between 2006 and 2023 segmented by tractor guidance, automatic steering, VRT and asset management | |
Market value (in $m) for GNSS receivers used in agriculture between 2006 and 2023 segmented by tractor guidance, automatic steering, VRT and asset management | |
Unit price ($/unit) of GNSS receivers used in agriculture between 2006 and 2023 segmented by tractor guidance, automatic steering, VRT and asset management | |
Master-slave autonomous tractors by Yanmar, Fendt, Case IT, John Deere and Kinze Autonomy | |
Fully autonomous tractors by Yanmar, Kubota Corp., and Autonomous Tractor Corp. | |
Technology roadmap showings technology progression from manned tractor to tractor guidance to manned autosteer to master-slave and to fully autonomous tractors | |
Ten-year market forcasts for tractor guidance, autosteer and fully autonomous tractors/combines | |
Agbot II by QUT | |
Kongskilde Vibro Crop Robotti by by Kongskilde Industries A/S and Conpleks Innovation. | |
Astrix autonomous agricultural robot by Adigo | |
Horibit autonomous agricultural robot by Aarhus University | |
Ladybird autonomous agricultural robot by Australian Centre of Field Studies | |
Autonomous tractors by the The Robot Fleers for Highly Effective Agriculture and Forestry Management project | |
ATRV-2 | |
Autonomous agricultural robot KU Leuven and FMTC | |
Autonomous agricultural robot by Rowbot for cornfields | |
Ten-year market forecasts for autonomous robotic data scouts | |
Technology evolution from manual hoeing to large-scale broadcast spraying to unmanned drone spraying to manned weeding with high precision and finally to autonomous weeding with ultra-high precision | |
Crop protection revenues for top ten global agrochemical suppliers including Monsanto, Sumitomo Chemical, Agricultural Solutions Ltd, DuPont, Bayer, Syngenta, BASF, DOW, Nufran | |
Crop protection revenues for top 20 Chinease suppliers including Zheijang Wynca Chemical Industrial Group, Zhejiam Jinfanda BioChemical, Nutrichem, Sichuan Leshan Fuhua Tonga Agrochemical and so on | |
2014 and 2015 herbicide sales for Monsanto, Sumitomo Chemical, Agricultural Solutions Ltd, DuPont, Bayer, Syngenta, BASF, DOW, Nufran | |
Revenue map of Top ten Chinese producers of glyphosate | |
Historical data on global herbicide consumption in tonnes between 2004 and 2014 segmented by country | |
Glyphosate global consumption in agricultural and non-agricultural activities between 1994 and 2014 in Kg | |
Market size for glyphosate in $bn between 2004 and 20014 | |
Historical growth in adoption of GE-HE seeds for major field crops such as soybeans, cotton, and corn | |
Increase in the number of herbicide-resistant weed species between 1950 and today | |
Total area in acres covered with herbicide-resistant weeds in the US between 1998 and 2014 | |
Geographical spread of herbicide-resistant weeds in the US by state | |
Autonomous robotic weeder | |
Development of organic land in million ha | |
Distribution of organic land between different uses | |
Robotic weeding implements for organic farming | |
Ten-year market forecast for robotic weeding by technology type | |
Autonomous asparagus harvesting robots | |
Autonomous lettuce thinning robots | |
Ten-year market forecasts for robotic lettuce thinning and vegetable harvesting by technology and territory | |
Non-fresh fruit harvesting machines | |
Machines aiding manual fresh fruit harvesting | |
Robotic bin follower | |
Robotic orchard data scouts | |
Emerging robotic fresh fruit harvest assist technologies | |
Robotic fresh apple harvesting | |
Robotic fresh citrus harvesting | |
Fresh fruit harvesting robots | |
Addressable market size for robotic fresh apple-picking service provision | |
Ten-year market forecasts for robotic fresh citrus/apple harvesting by territory | |
Robotic fresh strawberry harvesting | |
Addressable market size for robotic fresh strawberry-picking service provision | |
Ten-year market forecasts for robotic fresh strawberry harvesting by territory | |
Autonomous robotic vineyard scouts and pruners | |
Autonomous robotics for greenhouses and nurseries | |
Schematic showing the concept of VRT for seed planting | |
Robotic seed planting | |
Map of average dairy farm sizes worldwide | |
Average size and number of dairy farms in the US between 1970 and 2007 | |
Global number and distribution of dairy cows by country | |
Addressable market for robotic milking machines by country | |
Addressable market for robotic feed pushers by country | |
Lely's robotic milking machine | |
Robotic milking machines | |
Autonomous robotic feed pushers | |
Robotic manure cleaning | |
Alternatives to autonomous robotic feed pushers | |
Autonomous robotic shepherds | |
Ten-year market forecasts for robotic milking systems by country | |
Ten-year market forecasts for automatic feed pusher and other mobile robotics in dairy farming | |
Table comparing the resolution, image acquisition cost, image processing cost and minimum order size for satellite imaging | |
Annual sales of unmanned spraying helicopters in Japan | |
Area of rice paddies in Japan sprayed by unmanned helicopters between in Ha | |
Unmanned drones and helicopters for field spraying | |
Unmanned agriculture drones on the market | |
Table comparing different agricultural drones on the market on the basis of price, type, autonomy, cruise speed, flight time and so on | |
Agricultural drones: the emerging value chain | |
Core company information on key agricultural drone companies | |
Ten-year market forecasts for agricultural drones | |
Suction-based end effectors by Vision Robotics | |
Suction-based end effectors by Abundant Robotics | |
Other novel end-effectors in development | |
Soft robotic grippers by Soft Robotics, Festo, Empire Robotic, Pneubotics | |
Dexterous robotic by Shadow Robotics, Schunk, Allegro, Willow Garage and so on | |
Value chain of RTK GPS Technology from signal service provides to receiver manufacturers to device vendors to tractor companies | |
Performance levels of DGPS, OmniStar XP/HP and RTK technologies | |
Basic operational mechanism of LIDAR | |
LIDAR examples | |
Table comparing the performance of different LIDARs on the market or in development | |
Table assessing suitability of different LIDAR for agricultural robotic applications | |
Hyperspectral imaging and precision agriculture | |
Hyperspectral imaging sensors on the market | |
Common multi-spectral sensors used with agricultural drones | |
Ten-year market forecasts for all agricultural robots and drones segmented by type and/or function | |
Ten-year market forecasts for agricultural robots and drones segmented by type and/or function | |
Ten-year market forecasts for autonomous and mobile agricultural robots and drones segmented by type and/or function | |
Ten-year market forecasts for tractor guidance, autosteer and fully autonomous tractors/combines | |
Ten-year market forecasts for autonomous robotic data scouts | |
Ten-year market forecast for robotic weeding by technology type | |
Ten-year market forecasts for robotic lettuce thinning and vegetable harvesting by technology and territory | |
Ten-year market forecasts for robotic fresh citrus/apple harvesting by territory | |
Ten-year market forecasts for robotic fresh strawberry harvesting by territory | |
Ten-year market forecasts for robotic milking systems by country | |
Ten-year market forecasts for automatic feed pusher and other mobile robotics in dairy farming | |
Ten-year market forecasts for agricultural drones |
Slides | 163 |
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Companies | 140+ |
Forecasts to | 2027 |