Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets 2026-2036: Technologies, Market Forecasts, and Players
CCUS market outlook, ten-year granular forecasts, company profiles, and technology assessment of point-source carbon capture for key sectors, direct air capture (DAC), CO2 transport and storage (T&S), and CO2 utilization
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Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies capture CO2 from flue gases or directly from the atmosphere. This captured carbon dioxide is then permanently stored or utilized to generate revenue. Governments have recognized the role CCUS can play in decarbonizing industry and valorizing waste CO2, and are continuing to create favourable CCUS policy environments through carbon pricing, tax credits, and subsidies. The essential role of the private sector is crystallizing, with examples including oil and gas companies pivoting into providing CO2 transportation and storage services and data center hyperscalers creating markets for carbon credits from direct air capture (DAC) and biogenic CCUS (BECCS).
"Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets 2026-2036: Technologies, Market Forecasts, and Players" provides a comprehensive outlook of the emerging CCUS industry and carbon markets, with an in-depth analysis of the technological, economic, regulatory, and environmental aspects that are set to shape the CCUS industry over the next 10 years. Carbon capture, carbon utilization, and carbon storage technologies are evaluated, discussing latest advancements, key players, and opportunities and barriers within each area. The report also includes a 10-year granular forecast until 2036 for CCUS carbon capture capacity (segmented by CO2 end-point, point-source vs DAC, industrial sector, and region) alongside exclusive analysis, 60 interview-based company profiles, and coverage of 350+ companies.
Overview of CCUS market forecasts from IDTechEx. Forecast categories include enhanced oil recovery, dedicated storage, emerging utilization (CO2-derived concrete, CO2-derived fuels, CO2-derived chemicals, and biological yield boosting), direct air capture, point-source (fossil fuel power, pre-combustion, natural gas processing, BECCUS, cement, and steel) and regional (US, Canada, UK and Ireland, Europe, Asia Pacific, China, Middle East, and Rest of World). Source: IDTechEx
The acceleration of CCUS markets has continued into 2025, with noteworthy first-of-a-kind projects coming online including Northern Lights T&S and Stratos DAC. As the CCUS project pipeline continues to swell, with 50 million tonnes of new capacity under construction as of 2025, this IDTechEx report provides an overview of CCUS business models, economics, and leading/emerging capture technologies.
Business model
Tax credits and/or government subsidies are still typically needed to bring new large-scale CCUS capacity online. Key examples include the US 45Q tax credit (recently boosted for carbon dioxide utilization in the Trump administration's Big Beautiful Bill) and the UK government announcing £20 billion in funding for industrial CCUS clusters. Compliance carbon market mechanisms are expected to ultimately enable CCUS long-term. As of 2025, 28% of global CO2 emissions are covered by some form of carbon pricing, with the arrival of the European Union CBAM (carbon border adjustment mechanism) in 2026 motivating new carbon market developments.
Additionally, new partial chain CCUS hubs, clusters, and networks are set to unlock economies of scale and debottleneck CCUS development. By providing shared CO2 transportation and CO2 storage infrastructure, this new CCUS business model will streamline CCUS project development.
Point-source capture technology developments
Amine solvents for point-source carbon capture are technologically mature, but innovations continue to be commercialized such as demixing solvents and water-lean solvents. This IDTechEx report also includes balance of plant considerations for amine solvent carbon capture, including advances to improve mass transfer in absorber/stripper columns.
Beyond amine solvents, emerging start-ups in the carbon capture space are pursuing a broad range of technologies including molten borate salts, facilitated transport membranes, molten carbonate fuel cells, and cryogenic approaches. These technologies ultimately aim to reduce the energy demand of capture. In this report, IDTechEx identifies key carbon capture players and benchmarks capture technologies.
The current scale of carbon capture technologies for post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, DAC, and oxyfuel, as assessed by IDTechEx. Source: IDTechEx
Regional CCUS market forecasts
The US is the world leader for CCUS, due its 45Q tax credit support and strong history of CO2-EOR (enhanced oil recovery). Other regions including Europe, China, Canada, and the UK will also be instrumental for the global scale-up of CCUS. For example, the EU's recent Net-Zero Industry Act mandates an annual CO2 permanent storage capacity of at least 50 million tonnes by 2030. This IDTechEx report includes regional forecasting of CCUS markets, illustrating differences in CCUS growth by geography.
Key questions answered in this report
- What is CCUS and how can it be used to address climate change?
- What does the performance and economics of existing CCUS projects look like?
- What is the market outlook for CCUS?
- What are the key drivers and barriers of market growth?
- How can carbon pricing schemes and other incentives help scale up CCUS?
- How much does carbon capture technology cost?
- What new technology innovations are occurring in point-source carbon capture and direct air capture?
- What can carbon dioxide be used for industrially?
- Who are the key players in CCUS?
Key Aspects
This report provides the following information:
Technology and market analysis:
- State of the art and technology innovation in the field for post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, oxyfuel combustion capture, direct air capture, CO2 utilization, CO2 transportation, and CO2 storage.
- Detailed coverage of CCUS solutions for different sectors: cement and other heavy industry, hydrogen, power, oil and gas, chemicals.
- Market potential of CCUS, including key regulations and carbon pricing policies influencing the CCUS market.
- Key strategies, business models, and economics for scaling CCUS technologies.
- Benchmarking based on factors such as technology readiness level (TRL), cost, and scale potential.
Player analysis and trends:
- Primary information from key CCUS-related companies. 60 interview-based company profiles
- Analysis of CCUS players' latest developments, observing projects announced, funding, trends, and partnerships
Market forecasts and analysis:
- 10-year granular CCUS market forecasts until 2036 for CCUS subdivided by point-source capture vs DAC, CO2 fate (storage, emerging utilization, or EOR), sector (fossil fuel power, BECCUS, pre-combustion (blue hydrogen/ammonia/chemicals), natural gas processing, cement, and steel), and region (US, Canada, Europe, UK and Ireland, China, Rest of Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Rest of World).
| Report Metrics | Details |
|---|---|
| CAGR | IDTechEx forecasts the global CCUS capture capacity to reach 0.7 gigatonnes per annum by 2036. This represents a CAGR of 23.6% 2026-2036. |
| Forecast Period | 2024 - 2036 |
| Forecast Units | Mtpa (megatonne per annum) of CO2 captured |
| Regions Covered | Worldwide |
| Segments Covered | Point source capture, direct air capture, CO2 fate (CO2 storage, emerging CO2 utilization, CO2-enhanced oil recovery), sector segmentation (natural gas processing, fossil fuel power, BECCUS, pre-combustion capture - including blue hydrogen, steel, and cement), and regional segmentation (United States, Europe, UK and Ireland, Canada, China, Rest of Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Rest of World). |
Analyst access from IDTechEx
All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.
Further information
If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to contact our report team at research@IDTechEx.com or call one of our sales managers:
ASIA: +44 1223 810259
| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | What is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)? |
| 1.2. | Why CCUS and why now? |
| 1.3. | CCUS business model overview: Value from CO2 |
| 1.4. | Development of the CCS business model |
| 1.5. | CCUS business model: Networks and hub model |
| 1.6. | CCUS business model: Partial-chain |
| 1.7. | World map of operational and under construction large-scale dedicated CO2 storage sites |
| 1.8. | Carbon dioxide storage-type maturity and operator landscape |
| 1.9. | CO2-Enhanced oil recovery market |
| 1.10. | Carbon pricing and carbon markets |
| 1.11. | Compliance carbon pricing mechanisms across the globe |
| 1.12. | Alternative to carbon pricing in the US: 45Q tax credits |
| 1.13. | CCUS forecast by CO₂ end point - Storage and enhanced oil recovery |
| 1.14. | Why CO2 utilization? |
| 1.15. | Current scale for CO2U products |
| 1.16. | Main CO2 capture systems |
| 1.17. | Which carbon capture technologies are most mature? |
| 1.18. | When should different carbon capture technologies be used? |
| 1.19. | Point-source carbon capture technology providers |
| 1.20. | High-concentration CO2 sources are the low-hanging fruits |
| 1.21. | Point-source CCUS capture capacity forecast by CO2 source sector, Mtpa of CO2 |
| 1.22. | Leading DAC companies |
| 1.23. | What are the major challenges for scaling up direct air capture? |
| 1.24. | The momentum behind CCUS is building up |
| 1.25. | CCUS capture capacity by region - North America |
| 1.26. | CO2 transportation overview |
| 1.27. | Access More With an IDTechEx Subscription |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | What is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)? |
| 2.2. | The CCUS value chain |
| 2.3. | Why CCUS and why now? |
| 2.4. | Carbon capture |
| 2.5. | Pathways to lower capture costs |
| 2.6. | CO2 storage |
| 2.7. | Development of the CCS business model |
| 2.8. | Why CO2 utilization? |
| 2.9. | CO2 transportation |
| 2.10. | How much does CCUS cost? |
| 2.11. | When can CCUS be considered net-zero? |
| 2.12. | CCUS Market Challenges |
| 2.13. | Enabling large-scale CCUS |
| 3. | BUSINESS MODELS FOR CCUS |
| 3.1. | Introduction |
| 3.1.1. | CCUS business model overview: Value from CO2 |
| 3.1.2. | Development of the CCS business model |
| 3.1.3. | Government funding support mechanisms for CCS |
| 3.1.4. | Government ownership of CCS projects varies across countries |
| 3.1.5. | CCUS business model: Full chain |
| 3.1.6. | CCUS business model: Networks and hub model |
| 3.1.7. | CCUS business model: Partial-chain |
| 3.1.8. | Carbon dioxide utilization business model |
| 3.2. | Carbon Pricing and Carbon Markets |
| 3.2.1. | Carbon pricing and carbon markets |
| 3.2.2. | Compliance carbon pricing mechanisms across the globe |
| 3.2.3. | What is the price of CO2 in global carbon pricing mechanisms? |
| 3.2.4. | The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) |
| 3.2.5. | Has the EU ETS had an impact? |
| 3.2.6. | What changes are needed for the EU ETS to support CCUS? |
| 3.2.7. | EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) |
| 3.2.8. | EU CBAM will be the first of many internationally |
| 3.2.9. | Alternative to carbon pricing in the US: 45Q tax credits |
| 3.2.10. | The role of voluntary carbon markets in supporting CCUS |
| 3.2.11. | How high does carbon pricing need to be to support CCS? |
| 4. | STATUS OF THE CCUS INDUSTRY |
| 4.1. | The momentum behind CCUS is building up |
| 4.2. | CCUS milestones in 2024/2025 |
| 4.3. | Global pipeline of carbon capture facilities built and announced |
| 4.4. | Analysis of CCUS development |
| 4.5. | CO2 source: From which sectors has CO2 been captured historically? |
| 4.6. | Which sectors will see the biggest growth in CCUS? |
| 4.7. | CO2 fate: Where does/will the captured CO2 go? |
| 4.8. | Regional analysis of CCUS Projects |
| 4.9. | Major CCUS players |
| 4.10. | CCUS project performance - natural gas processing |
| 4.11. | CCUS project performance - natural gas processing commentary |
| 4.12. | CCUS project performance - power generation |
| 4.13. | CCUS project performance - key takeaways |
| 4.14. | Boundary Dam - battling capture technical issues |
| 4.15. | Petra Nova's long shutdown: Lessons for the industry? |
| 4.16. | How much does CCUS cost? |
| 4.17. | Costs and financing of large-scale CCUS projects |
| 5. | CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES |
| 5.1. | Introduction |
| 5.1.1. | The CCUS value chain |
| 5.1.2. | Main CO2 capture systems |
| 5.1.3. | Status of point source carbon capture |
| 5.1.4. | Natural gas sweetening |
| 5.1.5. | Post-combustion CO2 capture |
| 5.1.6. | Pre-combustion CO2 capture |
| 5.1.7. | Oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture |
| 5.1.8. | Main CO2 capture technologies |
| 5.1.9. | Comparison of CO2 capture technologies |
| 5.1.10. | Maturity of carbon capture technologies - overview |
| 5.1.11. | Which carbon capture technologies are most mature? |
| 5.1.12. | When should different carbon capture technologies be used? |
| 5.1.13. | Typical conditions and performance for different capture technologies |
| 5.1.14. | CO2 concentration and partial pressure varies with emission source |
| 5.1.15. | How does CO₂ partial pressure influence cost? |
| 5.1.16. | High-concentration CO2 sources are the low-hanging fruits |
| 5.1.17. | No single carbon capture technology will be the best across all applications |
| 5.1.18. | Carbon capture technology providers for existing large-scale projects |
| 5.1.19. | Capture percentage exceeding 90% are the current industry standard |
| 5.1.20. | What is meant by CO2 capture rate? |
| 5.1.21. | Making the case for CO2 capture percentages below 90% |
| 5.1.22. | Contributions to carbon capture cost |
| 5.1.23. | Metrics for CO2 capture agents |
| 5.1.24. | State-of-the-art: Capture percentages |
| 5.1.25. | State-of-the-art: Energy consumption |
| 5.1.26. | Technology readiness of carbon capture technologies (1/2) |
| 5.1.27. | Technology readiness of carbon capture technologies (2/2) |
| 5.1.28. | Point-source carbon capture technology providers by technology |
| 5.2. | Solvents for Carbon Capture |
| 5.2.1. | Solvent-based CO₂ capture |
| 5.2.2. | Chemical absorption solvents |
| 5.2.3. | Amine-based post-combustion CO₂ absorption |
| 5.2.4. | The development of amine solvents for carbon capture |
| 5.2.5. | Innovations in amine solvents |
| 5.2.6. | Amine-solvents dominate CCUS but challenges remain |
| 5.2.7. | Amine solvent carbon capture technology providers for post-combustion capture (1/2) |
| 5.2.8. | Amine solvent carbon capture technology providers for post-combustion capture (2/2) |
| 5.2.9. | Hot Potassium Carbonate (HPC) process |
| 5.2.10. | HPC carbon capture technology providers for carbon capture |
| 5.2.11. | Chemical absorption solvents used in current operational CCUS point-source projects (1/2) |
| 5.2.12. | Chemical absorption solvents used in current operational CCUS point-source projects (2/2) |
| 5.2.13. | Cost breakdown of chemical solvent post-combustion capture |
| 5.2.14. | Physical absorption solvents |
| 5.2.15. | Comparison of key physical absorption solvents |
| 5.2.16. | Physical solvents used in current operational CCUS point-source projects |
| 5.2.17. | When should solvent-based carbon capture not be used? |
| 5.3. | Balance of Plant for Amine Solvent Carbon Capture |
| 5.3.1. | Introduction to amine solvent post-combustion carbon capture |
| 5.3.2. | Summary of carbon capture balance of plant (BoP) components |
| 5.3.3. | Flue gas preconditioning/pretreatment for post-combustion capture |
| 5.3.4. | Babcock & Wilcox flue gas pretreatment portfolio |
| 5.3.5. | Absorber columns for amine solvent based carbon capture |
| 5.3.6. | Absorber column structured packing for amine solvent based carbon capture |
| 5.3.7. | Material innovation in structured packing for absorber columns |
| 5.3.8. | Water use in carbon capture plants |
| 5.3.9. | Absorber/stripper innovation: Rotating packed beds |
| 5.3.10. | Hybrid process - membrane contactors |
| 5.3.11. | Main heat exchanger: Lean/rich amine cross exchanger |
| 5.3.12. | Auxiliary heat exchangers |
| 5.3.13. | Technology providers of heat exchangers for carbon capture |
| 5.3.14. | Innovations in reducing reboiler duty |
| 5.3.15. | Large-scale CO2 compression technologies |
| 5.3.16. | CO2 compression costs |
| 5.3.17. | BoP case study: ION Clean Energy |
| 5.3.18. | Supply chain considerations of BoP technologies by region |
| 5.3.19. | Equipment and Technology Providers for CCUS in China |
| 5.3.20. | High value matrix for key components in post-combustion solvent-based carbon capture |
| 5.4. | Emerging Solvents for Carbon Capture |
| 5.4.1. | Company landscape: Emerging solvents for carbon capture |
| 5.4.2. | Chilled ammonia process (CAP) |
| 5.4.3. | Molten borates |
| 5.4.4. | Applicability of chemical absorption solvents capture solvents for post-combustion applications |
| 5.5. | Sorbents for Carbon Capture |
| 5.5.1. | Solid sorbent-based CO₂ separation |
| 5.5.2. | Adsorbents in pressure swing adsorption: Hydrogen separation |
| 5.5.3. | Adsorbents in pressure swing adsorption: Carbon capture |
| 5.5.4. | Overview of solid sorbents explored for carbon capture |
| 5.5.5. | Zeolite-based adsorbents |
| 5.5.6. | Carbon-based adsorbents |
| 5.5.7. | Metal organic framework (MOF) adsorbents |
| 5.5.8. | Solid amine-based adsorbents |
| 5.5.9. | Solid sorbent processes used in operational CCUS point-source projects |
| 5.5.10. | Solid sorbent materials for carbon capture overview |
| 5.5.11. | Sorption enhanced water gas shift (SEWGS) |
| 5.6. | Membrane-based Carbon Capture |
| 5.6.1. | Introduction to gas separation membranes for decarbonization |
| 5.6.2. | Developing new membrane materials: Key trends |
| 5.6.3. | Comparing gas separation membrane materials |
| 5.6.4. | Composite membranes for gas separation: Overview |
| 5.6.5. | Membranes for post-combustion CO2 capture |
| 5.6.6. | When should alternatives to solvent-based carbon capture be used? |
| 5.6.7. | Leading players in membrane-based post-combustion capture |
| 5.6.8. | Economics of polymer membranes for post-combustion capture |
| 5.6.9. | Increasing CO2 recovery rates for polymer membranes: MTR example |
| 5.6.10. | Facilitated transport membranes (FTM) for post-combustion carbon capture |
| 5.6.11. | Facilitated transport membrane materials for post-combustion carbon capture |
| 5.6.12. | Challenges and innovations for membranes in post-combustion capture |
| 5.6.13. | 2024/2025 Industry News: Membranes for post-combustion capture |
| 5.6.14. | Graphene membranes for post-combustion carbon capture: emerging material |
| 5.6.15. | MOF membranes for post-combustion carbon capture: Emerging material |
| 5.6.16. | Membranes for direct air capture |
| 5.6.17. | Gas separation membranes in blue hydrogen production (pre-combustion capture) |
| 5.7. | Cryogenic CO2 Capture |
| 5.7.1. | Cryogenic CO₂ capture: An emerging alternative |
| 5.7.2. | When should cryogenic carbon capture be used? |
| 5.7.3. | Status of cryogenic CO2 capture technologies |
| 5.7.4. | Cryogenic direct air capture companies |
| 5.7.5. | Cryogenic CO₂ capture in blue hydrogen: Cryocap™ |
| 5.8. | Oxyfuel Combustion Capture |
| 5.8.1. | Oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture |
| 5.8.2. | Oxygen separation technologies for oxy-fuel combustion |
| 5.8.3. | Oxyfuel combustion in the cement sector |
| 5.8.4. | Oxyfuel combustion for power generation |
| 5.8.5. | Novel oxyfuel: Chemical looping combustion |
| 5.8.6. | Oxyfuel combustion for blue hydrogen |
| 5.8.7. | 5.9 Novel Carbon Capture Technologies |
| 5.8.8. | Calcium looping |
| 5.8.9. | Leilac process: Direct CO2 capture in cement plants |
| 5.8.10. | CO2 capture with Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) |
| 5.8.11. | Algae CO2 capture |
| 6. | CARBON CAPTURE FOR KEY INDUSTRIES |
| 6.1. | Introduction |
| 6.1.1. | CO2 source: From which sectors has CO2 been captured historically? |
| 6.1.2. | Which sectors will see the biggest growth in CCUS? |
| 6.1.3. | Capture costs vary by sector |
| 6.2. | Cement |
| 6.2.1. | CCUS will be the most important cement decarbonization technology by 2050 |
| 6.2.2. | Which cement decarbonization technology will have the biggest impact? |
| 6.2.3. | Status of carbon capture in the cement industry |
| 6.2.4. | First large-scale cement sector CCUS project |
| 6.2.5. | Major CCUS projects in the cement sector |
| 6.2.6. | Post-combustion solvent capture is less disruptive to clinker manufacturing |
| 6.2.7. | Benchmarking carbon capture technologies in the cement sector |
| 6.2.8. | Carbon capture in the cement sector: Key takeaways |
| 6.3. | Steel |
| 6.3.1. | CCUS will play a limited role in decarbonizing the iron and steel sector |
| 6.3.2. | Overview of CCUS for iron & steel (1) |
| 6.3.3. | Overview of CCUS for iron & steel (2) |
| 6.3.4. | CCUS for BF-BOF (blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace) process |
| 6.3.5. | Post combustion capture technologies for BF-BOF process |
| 6.3.6. | Pre-combustion carbon capture for ironmaking (1) |
| 6.3.7. | Pre-combustion carbon capture for ironmaking (2) |
| 6.3.8. | Sorption enhanced water gas shift (SEWGS) |
| 6.3.9. | Gas recycling and oxyfuel combustion for ironmaking |
| 6.3.10. | Blast furnace gas CO2 capture technologies comparison |
| 6.3.11. | Carbon capture for natural gas-based DRI |
| 6.3.12. | CCUS project pipeline for the steel sector |
| 6.3.13. | CO2 utilization for the steel sector |
| 6.3.14. | Challenges and opportunities for CCUS in the steel sector |
| 6.4. | Power Generation |
| 6.4.1. | Power plants with CCUS generate less energy |
| 6.4.2. | CO2 capture from coal power generation |
| 6.4.3. | CO2 capture from gas power generation |
| 6.4.4. | Carbon capture and gas power |
| 6.4.5. | Gas power CCS for data centers |
| 6.4.6. | Key cost reduction opportunities in power CCS |
| 6.5. | Blue Hydrogen, Blue Ammonia, and Chemicals |
| 6.5.1. | Major drivers for hydrogen production & adoption |
| 6.5.2. | Hydrogen value chain overview |
| 6.5.3. | State of the hydrogen market today |
| 6.5.4. | Challenges in green hydrogen production |
| 6.5.5. | Cost comparison of different types of hydrogen |
| 6.5.6. | The case for blue hydrogen production |
| 6.5.7. | Overview of blue, turquoise & biomass-based H2 production methods |
| 6.5.8. | Blue hydrogen: Main syngas production technologies |
| 6.5.9. | Key technology players in blue hydrogen |
| 6.5.10. | Pre- vs post-combustion CO2 capture for blue hydrogen |
| 6.5.11. | Overview of CCUS blue hydrogen projects |
| 6.5.12. | Blue hydrogen production - SMR with CCUS |
| 6.5.13. | Capturing CO2 from ATR & POX is easier |
| 6.5.14. | CO2 capture retrofit options for blue H2 production |
| 6.5.15. | CO2 capture retrofit options - Honeywell UOP example |
| 6.5.16. | Cost comparison: Commercial CO2 capture systems for blue H2 |
| 6.5.17. | Real world data: CO2 capture systems for blue hydrogen |
| 6.5.18. | Technologies for future blue hydrogen projects |
| 6.5.19. | Key innovation areas in blue hydrogen |
| 6.5.20. | Impact on the US hydrogen industry - many project cancellations |
| 6.5.21. | Outcome - a smaller green hydrogen market in the medium term |
| 6.5.22. | Overview of EU hydrogen policy mechanisms |
| 6.5.23. | Carbon capture for chemicals |
| 6.6. | Maritime |
| 6.6.1. | Remaining challenges for onboard carbon capture |
| 6.6.2. | Recent developments in onboard carbon capture for the maritime sector |
| 6.6.3. | Onboard carbon capture: Amine solvents |
| 6.6.4. | Onboard carbon capture: CaO looping |
| 6.6.5. | Onboard carbon capture: Other technologies |
| 6.6.6. | Economics of onboard carbon capture and storage |
| 7. | CARBON CAPTURE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL (CDR) |
| 7.1. | CDR Introduction |
| 7.1.1. | What is the difference between CDR and CCUS? |
| 7.1.2. | The importance of carbon dioxide removals |
| 7.1.3. | The CDR business model and its challenges: Carbon credits |
| 7.1.4. | High-quality carbon removals: Durability, permanence, additionality |
| 7.1.5. | Scale and technology readiness level of carbon dioxide removal methods |
| 7.1.6. | Shifting buyer preferences for durable CDR in carbon credit markets |
| 7.1.7. | Overall picture: voluntary carbon credit markets in 2024 |
| 7.1.8. | Why voluntary and compliance carbon markets need to merge for CDR |
| 7.2. | Direct Air Capture (DAC) Introduction |
| 7.2.1. | What is direct air capture (DAC)? |
| 7.2.2. | Current status of DACCS |
| 7.2.3. | DACCS project pipeline: Locations and technologies |
| 7.2.4. | Momentum: Policy support for DAC by region |
| 7.2.5. | The role of tax credits in supporting DACCS: 45Q and ITC |
| 7.2.6. | The US has plans to establish 20 large-scale regional DAC Hubs |
| 7.2.7. | Momentum: Private investment in DAC |
| 7.2.8. | Where did money for DAC come from in 2024? |
| 7.2.9. | Power requirements for DAC |
| 7.2.10. | Nameplate capacity vs actual net removal |
| 7.2.11. | Difficulties sourcing clean energy |
| 7.2.12. | Operational flexibility - powering DAC with intermittent renewables |
| 7.2.13. | What are the major challenges for scaling up direct air capture? |
| 7.3. | Leading DAC Technologies |
| 7.3.1. | CO2 capture/separation mechanisms in DAC |
| 7.3.2. | Direct air capture technologies |
| 7.3.3. | Regeneration methods for solid and liquid DAC |
| 7.3.4. | Comparing regeneration methods for solid and liquid DAC |
| 7.3.5. | Leading DAC companies |
| 7.3.6. | Direct air capture space: Technology and location breakdown |
| 7.3.7. | Solid sorbents for DAC |
| 7.3.8. | Climeworks |
| 7.3.9. | Process flow diagram of S-DAC: Climeworks |
| 7.3.10. | Solid sorbents - semi-continuous operation can lower energy intensity |
| 7.3.11. | Heirloom |
| 7.3.12. | Process flow diagram of CaO looping: Heirloom |
| 7.3.13. | Liquid solvents for DAC |
| 7.3.14. | Liquid solvent-based DAC: Carbon Engineering |
| 7.3.15. | Carbon Engineering |
| 7.3.16. | Stratos: Bringing DAC to the half megatonne scale |
| 7.3.17. | Process flow diagram of L-DAC: Carbon Engineering |
| 7.3.18. | Which DAC technologies will be the most successful? |
| 7.3.19. | How will DAC technologies develop? |
| 7.4. | Electroswing/Electrochemical DAC Technologies |
| 7.4.1. | Electroswing/electrochemical DAC |
| 7.4.2. | Types of electrochemical DAC (1/2) |
| 7.4.3. | Types of electrochemical DAC (2/2) |
| 7.4.4. | Desired characteristics of electrochemical cell components |
| 7.4.5. | Electrochemical DAC company landscape |
| 7.4.6. | Benchmarking electrochemical DAC methods |
| 7.4.7. | Technical challenges in electrochemical DAC |
| 7.4.8. | Electrochemical DAC: Flexibility for low-cost intermittent renewable power |
| 7.4.9. | Electrochemical DAC costs depend strongly on electricity prices |
| 7.4.10. | Electrochemical DAC: Key takeaways |
| 7.4.11. | 7.5 Novel DAC Technologies |
| 7.4.12. | Moisture-swing direct air capture (humidity swing) |
| 7.4.13. | Ion exchange resins for moisture swing DAC |
| 7.4.14. | Reactive direct air capture - combined capture and conversion |
| 7.5. | DAC Economics |
| 7.5.1. | Business models for DAC |
| 7.5.2. | Examples of storage providers for DAC |
| 7.5.3. | Direct air capture carbon credit selling prices |
| 7.5.4. | Component specific capture cost contributions for DACCS |
| 7.5.5. | Reaching a capture cost of $100/tonne of CO2 |
| 7.6. | BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) |
| 7.6.1. | Introduction to BECCS |
| 7.6.2. | Most existing BECCS projects are in ethanol production |
| 7.6.3. | Amine solvents dominate BECCS for biomass power |
| 7.6.4. | Government support for BECCS is accelerating |
| 7.6.5. | BECCS business model - Ørsted example |
| 7.6.6. | BECCS dominates the sales of durable, engineered CDR credits |
| 7.6.7. | BECCS projects - trends and discussion |
| 7.6.8. | Ethanol production dominates the BECCS project pipeline |
| 7.6.9. | BECCS: Waste-to-energy |
| 7.6.10. | BECCS: Biogas upgrading |
| 7.6.11. | Network connecting bioethanol plants for BECCS |
| 7.6.12. | BECCS: Key takeaways |
| 7.7. | DOC (Direct Ocean Capture) |
| 7.7.1. | Direct ocean capture |
| 7.7.2. | Direct ocean capture status: Start-ups |
| 7.7.3. | Electrochemical direct ocean capture |
| 7.7.4. | Electrolysis for direct ocean capture: Avoiding chlorine formation |
| 7.7.5. | Other direct ocean capture technologies |
| 7.7.6. | Barriers remain for direct ocean capture |
| 8. | EMERGING CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION |
| 8.1. | Introduction |
| 8.1.1. | Why CO2 utilization? |
| 8.1.2. | What is CO2 utilization? |
| 8.1.3. | Mature vs emerging carbon dioxide utilization market sizes |
| 8.1.4. | Why CO2 utilization should not be overlooked |
| 8.1.5. | How much does CO2U cost? |
| 8.1.6. | CO2 utilization pathways |
| 8.1.7. | Some CO2U applications have already proven profitable |
| 8.1.8. | Key Considerations for CO2U Market Growth |
| 8.1.9. | What is the Climate Impact of CO2 Utilization? |
| 8.1.10. | Current scale for CO2U products |
| 8.1.11. | Market potential for CO2U in 2045 |
| 8.1.12. | Emerging CO2 utilization players |
| 8.2. | CO2-derived Concrete |
| 8.2.1. | CO2-Derived Concrete has High Growth Potential |
| 8.2.2. | The Basic Chemistry: CO2 Mineralization |
| 8.2.3. | CO2 use in the cement and concrete supply chain |
| 8.2.4. | CO2-Derived concrete application areas |
| 8.2.5. | CO2 derived concrete: Carbon credits |
| 8.2.6. | Ex-situ mineralization reactor types |
| 8.2.7. | Key trends in CO2-derived concrete |
| 8.3. | CO2-derived Chemicals and Fuels |
| 8.3.1. | CO2 conversion pathways to methanol, methane, gasoline, kerosene, and diesel |
| 8.3.2. | Decarbonization regulation mean sustainable fuels no longer need to achieve price-parity with fossil fuels |
| 8.3.3. | Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) - role of CO2-derived fuels |
| 8.3.4. | Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Syngas to hydrocarbons |
| 8.3.5. | FT reactor design comparison |
| 8.3.6. | FT reactor innovation - microchannel reactors |
| 8.3.7. | Fischer-Tropsch (FT) technology suppliers by plant scale |
| 8.3.8. | CO2 to CO pathways (syngas production) and players |
| 8.3.9. | Key players in reverse water gas shift (RWGS) for e-fuels |
| 8.3.10. | Start-ups in reverse water gas shift (RWGS) for e-fuels |
| 8.3.11. | RWGS-FT e-fuel plant case study |
| 8.3.12. | Direct Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: CO2 to hydrocarbons |
| 8.3.13. | CO2 derived e-fuels: Fischer-Tropsch vs Methanol-to-gasoline |
| 8.3.14. | MTG e-fuel plant case study |
| 8.3.15. | Syngas production: Dry methane reforming |
| 8.3.16. | CO2-derived methanol |
| 8.3.17. | Methanation overview |
| 8.3.18. | Biocatalytic methanation case study |
| 8.3.19. | Biological conversion |
| 8.3.20. | Electrochemical conversion |
| 8.3.21. | Key milestones for CO2-derived fuels in 2024/2025 |
| 8.3.22. | Partial CO2 utilization - CO2-derived polymers and polyols |
| 8.3.23. | Catalysts for CO2-derived polymers |
| 9. | CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE |
| 9.1. | Introduction |
| 9.1.1. | The case for carbon dioxide storage or sequestration |
| 9.1.2. | Storing supercritical CO2 underground |
| 9.1.3. | Mechanisms of subsurface CO₂ trapping |
| 9.1.4. | CO2 leakage is a small risk |
| 9.1.5. | Earthquakes and CO2 leakage |
| 9.1.6. | Storage type for geologic CO2 storage: Saline aquifers |
| 9.1.7. | Storage type for geologic CO2 storage: Depleted oil and gas fields |
| 9.1.8. | Unconventional storage resources: Coal seams and shale |
| 9.1.9. | Unconventional storage resources: Basalts and ultra-mafic rocks |
| 9.1.10. | Estimates of global CO₂ storage space |
| 9.1.11. | CO2 storage potential by country |
| 9.1.12. | Permitting and authorization of CO2 storage |
| 9.1.13. | CO2 storage in the US: Class VI injection permits |
| 9.1.14. | Class VI injection well permits in the US: Costs and timeline |
| 9.1.15. | CO2 storage in the EU: Net-Zero Industry Act |
| 9.1.16. | Monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) in CO₂ storage |
| 9.1.17. | MRV Technologies and Costs in CO2 Storage |
| 9.2. | Status of CO2 Storage Projects |
| 9.2.1. | Technology status of CO₂ storage |
| 9.2.2. | World map of operational and under construction large-scale dedicated CO2 storage sites |
| 9.2.3. | Available CO2 storage will soon outstrip CO2 captured |
| 9.2.4. | Dedicated geological storage will soon outpace CO2-EOR |
| 9.2.5. | Can CO₂ storage be monetized? |
| 9.2.6. | Part-chain storage project in the North Sea: The Longship Project |
| 9.2.7. | Part-chain storage project in the North Sea: The Porthos Project |
| 9.2.8. | The cost of carbon sequestration (1/2) |
| 9.2.9. | The cost of carbon sequestration (2/2) |
| 9.2.10. | Carbon dioxide storage-type maturity and operator landscape |
| 9.2.11. | CO2 storage: Key takeaways |
| 9.2.12. | CO2 storage and geothermal energy |
| 9.3. | CO2-EOR |
| 9.3.1. | What is CO2-EOR? |
| 9.3.2. | What happens to the injected CO2? |
| 9.3.3. | Types of CO2-EOR designs |
| 9.3.4. | CO2-Enhanced oil recovery market |
| 9.3.5. | CO2-EOR in the US |
| 9.3.6. | Most CO2 in the U.S. is still naturally sourced |
| 9.3.7. | CO2-EOR main players in the U.S. |
| 9.3.8. | World's large-scale CO2 capture with CO2-EOR facilities |
| 9.3.9. | Worldwide CO2-EOR Potential |
| 9.3.10. | CO2-EOR in China |
| 9.3.11. | The economics of promoting CO2 storage through CO2-EOR |
| 9.3.12. | The impact of oil prices on CO2-EOR feasibility |
| 9.3.13. | Climate considerations in CO2-EOR |
| 9.3.14. | CO2-EOR: Progressive or "Greenwashing" |
| 9.3.15. | Future advancements in CO2-EOR |
| 9.3.16. | Economics of CO2-EOR vs CO2 storage |
| 9.3.17. | Key takeaways: Market |
| 9.3.18. | Key takeaways: Environmental |
| 9.3.19. | Enhanced gas recovery |
| 10. | CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORTATION |
| 10.1. | Introduction to CO2 transportation |
| 10.2. | Phases of CO2 for transportation |
| 10.3. | Overview of CO2 transportation methods and conditions |
| 10.4. | Status of CO2 transportation methods in CCS projects |
| 10.5. | CO2 transportation by pipeline |
| 10.6. | CO2 pipeline infrastructure development in the US |
| 10.7. | CO2 pipelines: Technical challenges |
| 10.8. | CO2 transportation by ship |
| 10.9. | CO2 transportation by ship: Innovations in ship design |
| 10.10. | CO2 transportation by rail and truck |
| 10.11. | Purity requirements of CO2 transportation |
| 10.12. | General cost comparison of CO2 transportation methods |
| 10.13. | CAPEX and OPEX contributions |
| 10.14. | Cost considerations in CO₂ transport |
| 10.15. | Transboundary networks for CO2 transport: Europe |
| 10.16. | CO2 pipeline development in Europe |
| 10.17. | First cross-border CO2 T&S project: Northern Lights Longship project |
| 10.18. | Available CO2 transportation will soon outstrip CO2 captured |
| 10.19. | CO2 transport operators |
| 10.20. | CO2 transport and/or storage as a service business model |
| 10.21. | CO2 transportation: Key takeaways |
| 11. | CCUS MARKET FORECASTS |
| 11.1. | CCUS forecast methodology |
| 11.2. | CCUS forecast breakdown |
| 11.3. | CCUS market forecast - Overall discussion |
| 11.4. | CCUS capture capacity forecast by CO2 end point, Mtpa of CO2 |
| 11.5. | CCUS forecast by CO₂ end point - Storage and enhanced oil recovery |
| 11.6. | CCUS forecast by CO₂ end point - Emerging utilization |
| 11.7. | CCUS capacity forecast by capture type, Mtpa of CO₂ |
| 11.8. | CCUS forecast by capture type - Direct Air Capture (DAC) capacity forecast |
| 11.9. | Point-source capture capacity forecast by CO2 source sector, Mtpa of CO2 |
| 11.10. | Point-source carbon capture forecast by CO2 source |
| 11.11. | Point-source carbon capture forecast by CO2 source - power generation |
| 11.12. | Point-source carbon capture forecast by CO2 source - cement and steel |
| 11.13. | CCUS capture capacity by region, Mtpa of CO2 |
| 11.14. | CCUS capture capacity by region - North America |
| 11.15. | CCUS capture capacity by region - Europe and UK |
| 11.16. | CCUS capture capacity by region - Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Rest of World |
| 11.17. | Changes since the Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets 2025-2045 IDTechEx forecasts |
| 12. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 12.1. | 8 Rivers |
| 12.2. | Airhive |
| 12.3. | Airrane: CCUS |
| 12.4. | Ardent |
| 12.5. | Atoco |
| 12.6. | Axens: DMX |
| 12.7. | Baker Hughes: Carbon Capture |
| 12.8. | Brentwood Industries: Structured Packing |
| 12.9. | Brineworks |
| 12.10. | Capso |
| 12.11. | Capsol Technologies |
| 12.12. | Captura |
| 12.13. | Carbon Blade |
| 12.14. | Carbon Neutral Fuels |
| 12.15. | Carbonbit Technologies |
| 12.16. | CarbonBridge |
| 12.17. | Chart Industries: CCUS |
| 12.18. | Clairity Tech |
| 12.19. | Climeworks |
| 12.20. | CO2 Lock |
| 12.21. | Concrete4Change |
| 12.22. | CyanoCapture |
| 12.23. | DACMA |
| 12.24. | eChemicles |
| 12.25. | Ecospray |
| 12.26. | Equatic |
| 12.27. | ESTECH |
| 12.28. | ExxonMobil: Methanol-to-Gasoline (MTG) |
| 12.29. | Fluor: Carbon Capture |
| 12.30. | FuelCell Energy |
| 12.31. | Heirloom |
| 12.32. | Holocene |
| 12.33. | Honeywell UOP: CO₂ Solutions |
| 12.34. | HYCO1 |
| 12.35. | INERATEC |
| 12.36. | Infinium |
| 12.37. | ION Clean Energy |
| 12.38. | JCCL (Japan Carbon Cycle Labs) |
| 12.39. | Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha ("K" Line): CCUS |
| 12.40. | Mantel |
| 12.41. | Mission Zero Technologies |
| 12.42. | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries: KM CDR Process |
| 12.43. | MTR (Membrane Technology and Research) |
| 12.44. | Nippon Chemical Industrial: R&D areas |
| 12.45. | Nuada: MOF-Based Carbon Capture |
| 12.46. | OXCCU |
| 12.47. | Paebbl |
| 12.48. | Parallel Carbon |
| 12.49. | Phlair |
| 12.50. | Q Power |
| 12.51. | Saipem: Bluenzyme |
| 12.52. | Shell & Technip Energies Alliance: CANSOLV Carbon Capture Technology |
| 12.53. | Skytree |
| 12.54. | SLB Capturi |
| 12.55. | Sumitomo SHI FW: Carbon Capture |
| 12.56. | Svante |
| 12.57. | Syklea |
| 12.58. | UniSieve |
| 12.59. | Velocys |
| 12.60. | Yama |
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IDTechEx forecasts the global CCUS capture capacity to reach 0.7 gigatonnes per annum by 2036
Report Statistics
| Slides | 505 |
|---|---|
| Companies | 60 |
| Forecasts to | 2036 |
| Published | Sep 2025 |
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