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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| 1.1. | Purpose of this report |
| 1.2. | Definition and market structure |
| 1.2.1. | Overview |
| 1.2.2. | Primary conclusions: formulation, emerging preferences and advances 2021-2041 |
| 1.2.3. | Popularity by formulation in research and use for electronics and electrics |
| 1.3. | Some fluoropolymer brands of interest in emerging electronics and electrics |
| 1.4. | Fluoropolymers in electronics and electrics by key property, application, status |
| 1.5. | The bad reputation, the good reputation, the challenges |
| 1.6. | Primary conclusions: benefits and hot buttons in electronics and electrics |
| 1.7. | Primary conclusions: new and important applications 2021-2041 |
| 1.7.1. | Automotive, battery vs fuel cell applications |
| 1.7.2. | Membranes for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells |
| 1.7.3. | 5G and 6G |
| 1.7.4. | Cable and other insulation |
| 1.7.5. | Electroactive (tribo- ferro‐, pyro‐, piezo-electric, electret) devices |
| 1.7.6. | Triboelectrics: most significant fluoropolymer-centric new physical principle |
| 1.7.7. | Structural electronics |
| 1.7.8. | Organic electronics |
| 1.8. | Focus of fluoropolymer improvement for electrics and electronics |
| 1.9. | Primary conclusions: formats and their new forms of production |
| 1.10. | Huge opportunity in primary power going electric |
| 1.10.1. | Photovoltaics |
| 1.11. | Scope for added business 2021-2041 |
| 1.12. | Manufacturers of fluoropolymers |
| 1.13. | Fluoropolymer physics relevant to emerging electrical applications |
| 1.14. | Market forecasts |
| 1.14.1. | Fluoropolymers and their films |
| 1.14.2. | Fluoropolymers market for electronics and electrical engineering forecast $ billion 2021-2041 with assumptions |
| 1.14.3. | Fluoropolymers market for electronics and electrical engineering: roadmap |
| 1.14.4. | Fluoropolymers for electronics and electrics value market 2031: by primary applications |
| 1.14.5. | Fluoropolymers for electronics and electrics value market 2021-2041 by primary application |
| 1.14.6. | Lithium ion battery forecast $ billion 2018-2029 |
| 1.14.7. | Fuel cells and redox flow batteries market to 2028 |
| 1.14.8. | Haptics market by technology 2015-2028 |
| 1.14.9. | Triboelectric TENG market low vs high power $ million 2019-2041 |
| 1.14.10. | Wearable sensors market forecast $ billions 2018-2028 |
| 1.14.11. | Potential for triboelectric air filters TAF in cars 2020-2040 |
| 1.14.12. | Global autonomous passenger car sales forecast 2020-2040 (radar application) |
| 1.14.13. | Battery Cell Materials Forecast |
| 1.14.14. | Battery Cell Materials Market Value Forecast |
| 1.14.15. | Electric vehicle battery capacity assumptions |
| 1.14.16. | Electric vehicle motor power assumptions |
| 1.14.17. | 5G hardware market forecasts compared |
| 1.14.18. | Piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer market units, unit price, market value <1W 2019-2041 |
| 1.14.19. | Piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer global market $ million low vs high power 2019-2039 |
| 1.14.20. | Piezoelectric sensor transducer global market $ million 2019-2039 |
| 1.14.21. | All energy harvesting transducers by type $ billion in 2029 |
| 1.14.22. | All energy harvesting transducers by energy source and application $ billion in 2029 |
| 1.14.23. | All movement harvesting market by mode $ billion in 2029 |
| 1.14.24. | Piezo devices applicational market split 2029 |
| 1.14.25. | Piezoelectric value chain 2029 $ billion |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Overview |
| 2.2. | A route to PTFE |
| 2.3. | ETFE, PVDF, ECTFE comparison by AGC formerly Asahi Glass Co. |
| 2.4. | Inferior strain and stress constant |
| 2.5. | Challenge: substrate clamping |
| 2.6. | Enhancing power from PVDF using graphene and thin film |
| 2.7. | PVDF flags: theory shows improvement potential |
| 2.8. | Flexible and biodegradable PVDF devices |
| 2.9. | PVDF: gymnast of electrically useful fluoropolymers |
| 2.10. | New fluoropolymer molecular structure: 2D fluoropolymers |
| 2.11. | Manufacturing technology |
| 2.11.1. | Fluorochemicals |
| 2.11.2. | New fluoropolymer manufacturing technology: 3D printing of fluoropolymers |
| 2.12. | Some brands |
| 2.13. | Health concerns |
| 2.13.1. | Usefulness of toxicity measurements |
| 2.13.2. | Learnings from the toxicity literature |
| 2.13.3. | Fluorine and HF toxicity |
| 2.14. | Recycling breakthroughs |
| 2.15. | Fluoropolymers in new structural electronics |
| 3. | FLUOROPOLYMERS IN 5G |
| 3.1. | Five important metrics for substrate materials will impact materials selection |
| 3.2. | Electric properties of common polymer resin |
| 3.3. | The role of thermoplastics polymers and thermosetting polymers |
| 3.4. | Context |
| 3.5. | Thermoset vs thermoplastics for 5G |
| 3.6. | Organic substrate materials evolution for 5G |
| 3.7. | Benchmark of commercialised low-loss organic laminates: Dk @ 10 GHz |
| 3.8. | Benchmark of commercialised low-loss organic laminates: Df @ 10 GHz |
| 3.9. | Innovation trends for organic high frequency laminate materials |
| 3.10. | Hybrid system to reduce the cost for high frequency board |
| 3.11. | Key suppliers for high frequency and high-speed Copper Clad Laminate |
| 3.12. | Parameters of commercialised low-loss organic laminates |
| 3.13. | Use low polar functional groups or atomic bonds to reduce the Dk |
| 3.14. | Thinness will influence in the dielectric constant |
| 3.15. | Thinning the substrate at high frequencies: the challenge |
| 3.16. | Fluoropolymer and PTFE |
| 3.17. | Key properties of PTFE to be considered for 5G applications |
| 3.18. | Dielectric properties for PTFE |
| 3.19. | The Dk for PTFE based laminate depends on the crystallinity density |
| 3.20. | Key application of PTFE in 5G |
| 3.21. | Hybrid couplers using PTFE as substrate |
| 3.22. | Ceramic filled vs. glass-filled PTFE laminates |
| 3.23. | Concerns of using PTFE based laminate for high frequency 5G |
| 3.24. | Global manufacturing of PTFE resin |
| 3.25. | Rogers is the top supplier for PTFE laminates |
| 3.26. | Ceramic filled PTFE laminates in Rogers |
| 3.27. | Possible low-loss substrates for mmWave 5G advanced packages |
| 4. | FLUOROPOLYMERS IN 6G AND OTHER THZ |
| 4.1. | Overview |
| 4.2. | Advantages of 6G over 5G |
| 4.3. | Potential applications |
| 4.4. | When to expect 6G and how to get there |
| 4.5. | 6G frequencies and fluoropolymer usefulness |
| 4.6. | Fluoropolymers for THz frequencies |
| 4.7. | Participants |
| 5. | FLUOROPOLYMERS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES |
| 5.1. | The show so far |
| 5.1.1. | Sensing and actuators |
| 5.1.2. | Biomimetics |
| 5.2. | Binders |
| 5.3. | Battery Cell Materials Forecast |
| 5.4. | Battery Cell Materials Market Value Forecast |
| 6. | FLUOROPOLYMERS IN VEHICLE AUTONOMY RADAR |
| 6.1. | Automotive radars: frequency trends |
| 6.2. | Why are radars essential to ADAS and autonomy? |
| 6.3. | Hybrid board is the norm |
| 6.4. | Hybrid board construction |
| 6.5. | Overview of the high level requirements for high frequency operation |
| 6.6. | Interconnect design for high frequency electronics |
| 6.7. | Passives: scaling challenges with frequency |
| 6.8. | Passives: transition towards embedded |
| 6.9. | Effect of low dielectric constant (I): feature sizes |
| 6.10. | Effect of low dielectric constant (II): thinness |
| 6.11. | Thinning the substrate at high frequencies: the challenge |
| 6.12. | Dielectric constant: benchmarking different substrate technologies |
| 6.13. | Dielectric constant: stability vs frequency for different organic substrates (PI, PTFE, LCP, thermosets, etc.) |
| 6.14. | Dielectric constant: stability vs frequency for different inorganic substrates (LTCC, glass) |
| 6.15. | Loss tangent: benchmarking different substrate technologies |
| 6.16. | Loss tangent: stability vs frequency for different substrates |
| 6.17. | Dielectric constant and loss tangent stability: behaviour at mmwave frequencies and higher |
| 6.18. | Temperature stability of dielectric constant: benchmarking organic substrates |
| 6.19. | Moisture uptake: benchmarking different substrate technologies |
| 6.20. | Radar glass |
| 6.21. | Automotive radar players and market share |
| 7. | FLUOROPOLYMERS IN EMERGING ENERGY HARVESTING, SENSORS AND ACTUATORS |
| 7.1. | Overview |
| 7.2. | EH and sensor transducer principles and materials |
| 7.3. | EH technologies by actual and potential usefulness to 2029 |
| 7.4. | Challenges of EH technologies |
| 7.5. | Some candidates for EH by power |
| 7.6. | Capacitive (electrostatic) energy harvesting and sensing options |
| 7.6.1. | Overview |
| 7.6.2. | Electrostatics in energy harvesting |
| 7.6.3. | Electrostatic energy harvesting: important new technologies FEP |
| 7.6.4. | Dielectric Elastomer Generators DEG |
| 7.6.5. | MEMS microphones PTFE PVDF |
| 7.7. | Pyroelectrics for sensing and harvesting PVDF |
| 7.7.1. | Overview |
| 7.7.2. | Heat sensors |
| 7.7.3. | Gas sensors infrared |
| 7.7.4. | Power generation |
| 7.8. | Photovoltaic sensors and harvesting ETFE |
| 7.9. | Piezoelectric polymers PVDF |
| 7.10. | The need for waterproof, breathable encapsulation |
| 7.11. | Dual and triple harvesting, sensing, actuation integrated |
| 7.11.1. | Overview: FEP etc. |
| 7.11.2. | Progression of integration |
| 7.11.3. | Towards PVDF piezoelectric + photovoltaic tires and sails |
| 7.12. | Combining electret and triboelectric energy harvesting in fluoropolymers PTFE ECTFE |
| 7.13. | Ferroelectrets: piezo + electret FEP |
| 7.14. | Self-sensing artificial muscle: dielectric elastomer, piezo PVDF |
| 7.14.1. | Ionic Polymer‐Metal Composite Actuators: Radiation‐Grafted Ion‐Exchange Membranes PSSA, PSPA, PETFE, PTFE, PVDF |
| 7.14.2. | Artificial muscle with microhydraulics ECTFE or coil amplification PVDF |
| 8. | TRIBOELECTRIC FACE MASKS, ELECTROSTATIC FILTERS, ENERGY HARVESTING: A FLUOROPOLYMER CENTRIC NEW TECHNOLOGY |
| 8.1. | Importance |
| 8.2. | What is triboelectric energy harvesting, sensing, actuation? |
| 8.3. | Look more closely |
| 8.4. | Triboelectric materials |
| 8.5. | Triboelectric dielectric series examples showing wide choice of properties |
| 8.6. | Bilkent University Turkey measurements |
| 8.7. | Materials in experimental TENGs and those likely in production |
| 8.7.1. | Most popular materials in research |
| 8.7.2. | Functionalisation |
| 8.8. | Materials for 24 laminar TENG |
| 8.9. | Materials for 12 vertical arch TENG |
| 8.10. | Materials for 5 textile TENG |
| 8.11. | Materials for 8 rotating TENG |
| 8.12. | Materials for 10 other TENG variants |
| 8.13. | Four basic TENG device structures |
| 8.14. | Conclusions |
| 8.14.1. | Market |
| 8.14.2. | Versatility |
| 8.14.3. | Entry points |
| 8.14.4. | Valued benefits |
| 8.14.5. | High power opportunity |
| 8.14.6. | Conditions of success |
| 8.15. | Triboelectric harvesting device timeline 2021-2041 with mean power magnitude |
| 8.16. | Materials opportunities |
| 8.16.1. | Materials in experimental TENGs and those likely in production |
| 8.17. | Triboelectrically-active PTFE powers implanted pacemakers |
| 8.18. | Working mechanism of the hybrid generator in a press-and-release cycle PTFE PVDF |
| 8.19. | Boosted TENG PVDF |
| 8.20. | Liquid TENGs: PTFE + liquid fluoropolymer or liquid on FEP |
| 8.21. | PVDF composites as TENG with enhanced performance PVDF |
| 8.22. | PVDF nanograss TENG |
| 8.23. | Smart floors: Triboelectric nanogenerators and power-boards from cellulose nanofibrils, recycled materials and FEP |
| 8.24. | Self-improving higher power triboelectric PVDF |
| 8.25. | Touch sensitive arrays PTFE |
| 8.26. | Sustainable direct current powering a triboelectric nanogenerator via a novel asymmetrical design PTFE |
| 8.27. | Triboelectric air filters TAF on sale in China 2018 |
| 8.28. | Piezo nanofabric - November 2020 |
| 9. | FLUOROPOLYMERS IN EMERGING FUEL CELLS, BATTERIES, SUPERCAPACITORS |
| 9.1. | Thermopower wave electricity PTFE |
| 9.2. | Lithium-ion batteries and successors - binders, membrane/ separators, electrolytes |
| 9.3. | Fuel cells and their membrane choices |
| 9.4. | Fluoropolymers for both fuel cells and batteries |
| 9.4.1. | Uses |
| 9.4.2. | Synthesis |
| 9.4.3. | Formulations: examples |
| 9.4.4. | Difference between solid-state and polymer electrolytes |
| 9.4.5. | Fluoropolymer battery electrode binders PVDF, PTFE |
| 9.5. | Redox flow battery RFB interest in PTFE, ECTFE, PVDF |
| 9.6. | Supercapacitor electrodes PTFE PVDF |
| 9.7. | Supercapacitor electrolytes PVDF, PTFE |
| 9.7.1. | Overview |
| 9.7.2. | Trends with fluoropolymers in electrolytes PVDF |
| 9.7.3. | Solvay PVDF solid state electrolyte |
| 9.7.4. | Cross linked polymer electrolyte hybrid membrane ETFE |
| 9.8. | Redox flow batteries |
| 9.8.1. | Overview |
| 9.8.2. | Primus Power ETFE |
| 9.8.3. | RFB and fuel cell membranes STFE |
| 10. | OTHER EMERGING APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS/ELECTRICS |
| 10.1. | Morphing of airframes and artificial muscles PVDF |
| 10.2. | PCB and structural electronics: Triazine FP |
| 10.3. | Smart windows, facades, textile architecture FEP ETFE |
| 10.4. | Transistor gate dielectric |
| 10.5. | Transparent conductive electrodes |
| Slides | 306 |
|---|---|
| Forecasts to | 2041 |