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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | |
1. | INTRODUCTION |
1.1. | Comparison of thin film silicon and organic thin films as transistor semiconductors. |
1.1. | SuperPanoramic cockpit with closable opaque layer - a concept of the US Air Force. |
1.1. | Printed electronics - reasons why |
1.2. | Impact of printed electronics on conventional electronics |
1.2. | US Warfighter's back pack must reduce in weight. Wrist displays, printed antennas, batteries, electronics and power generation will be part of this. |
1.2. | Likely impact of inorganic printed and potentially printed technology to 2019 |
1.3. | Toppan Forms vision of a smart Tokyo Transportation network |
1.3. | Progress so far |
1.3.1. | The age of silicon |
1.3.2. | The dream of organic electronics |
1.3.3. | The example of smart clothing |
1.3.4. | Slow progress with organic conductors |
1.3.5. | New inorganic materials and composites are often better |
1.3.6. | Trade-off between inorganic and organic solutions |
1.4. | The new inorganic printed and thin film devices |
1.4. | Smart home |
1.4.1. | Rapidly widening choice of elements - déjà vu |
1.4.2. | Example - printed lighting |
1.4.3. | Example - printed photodetectors |
1.5. | Future shop |
1.6. | Future office |
1.7. | The smart airport will simplify air travel |
1.8. | The different impact of the new printed electronics on various existing electric and electronic markets. |
1.9. | Organic electronics - the dream |
1.10. | Concept of a power jacket |
1.11. | Silicon solar tents - heavy, semi rigid and expensive, but a start |
1.12. | Organic FET compared with silicon FET |
1.13. | Attributes and problems of inorganic, hybrid and organic thin film electronics form a spectrum. |
1.14. | Elements employed in the silicon chip business where blue refers to before the 1990s, green for since the 1990s and red for beyond 2005. |
1.15. | Projections for flexible printed and thin film lighting 2007-2025 |
2. | INORGANIC TRANSISTORS |
2.1. | Inorganic compound semiconductors for transistors |
2.1. | Comparison of printed polymer ink used in pilot production of organic transistors vs two thin film inorganic semiconductors for transistors vs nanosilicon ink |
2.1. | Transparent inorganic transistor |
2.1.1. | Learning how to print inorganic compound transistors |
2.1.2. | Zinc oxide based transistor semiconductors |
2.1.3. | Amorphous InGaZnO |
2.1.4. | Gallium-indium hydroxide nanoclusters |
2.1.5. | Gallium arsenide semiconductors for transistors |
2.1.6. | Transfer printing silicon and gallium arsenide on film |
2.1.7. | Silicon nanoparticle ink |
2.2. | Inorganic dielectrics for transistors |
2.2. | Some of the organisations developing zinc oxide transistors |
2.2. | Example of ZnO based transistor circuit. |
2.2.1. | Solution processed barium titanate nanocomposite |
2.2.2. | Alternative inorganic dielectrics HafSOx etc |
2.2.3. | Hybrid inorganic dielectrics - zirconia |
2.2.4. | Hafnium oxide - latest work |
2.2.5. | Aluminium, lanthanum and other oxides |
2.3. | Hewlett Packard prints aSi backplanes reel to reel |
2.3. | Some properties of new thin film dielectrics |
2.3. | Using a nanolaminate as an e-platform |
2.4. | TEM images of solution processed nanolaminates |
2.4. | Benefits and challenges of R2R electronics fabrication were seen as follows: |
2.4. | Inorganic transistors on paper |
2.5. | Progress Towards p-type Metal Oxide Semiconductors |
2.5. | Printing choices |
2.5. | Cross-sectional schematic view of an amorphous oxide TFT |
2.6. | Transparent and flexible active matrix backplanes fabricated on PEN films |
2.6. | Hybrid inorganic/organic transistors and memory |
2.6.1. | Resistive switching |
2.6.2. | Oxides as anodes |
2.7. | Do organic transistors have a future? |
2.7. | Molecular precursors synthesized at the University of Oregon |
2.8. | Semprius transfer printing |
2.9. | Performance of Kovio's ink versus others by mobility |
2.10. | Road map |
2.11. | Motorola high permittivity printable OFET dielectric using a barium titanate organic nanocomposite |
2.12. | Hybrid organic-inorganic transistor and right dual dielectric transistor |
2.13. | Web as clean room |
2.14. | The basic imprint lithography process |
2.15. | Zinc oxide transistors printed on to paper |
2.16. | SEM image of p-type ZnO nanowires. |
3. | INORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS |
3.1. | Performance criteria and limitations of silicon photovoltaics |
3.1. | Efficiency vs deliverable output power |
3.1. | Wafer vs thin film photovoltaics |
3.2. | Summary of the applicational requirements for the large potential markets |
3.2. | Efficiencies for thin film solar cells |
3.2. | Comparison of photovoltaic technologies |
3.3. | Non-silicon inorganic options |
3.3. | Technology comparison between inorganic and other photovoltaic cells on plastic film |
3.3. | Progress in improving the efficiency of the different types of photovoltaic cell 1975-2005. |
3.3.1. | Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CIGS) |
3.3.2. | Gallium arsenide |
3.3.3. | Gallium arsenide - germanium |
3.3.4. | Gallium indium phosphide and gallium indium arsenide |
3.3.5. | Cadmium telluride and cadmium selenide |
3.3.6. | Porous zinc oxide |
3.3.7. | Polymer-quantum dot devices CdSe, CdSe/ZnS, PbS, PbSe |
3.3.8. | Other inorganic semiconductors for PV |
3.4. | Inorganic-organic and carbon-organic formulations |
3.4. | Summary of some of the important performance criteria for photovoltaics by type |
3.4. | CIGS photovoltaic cell configuration |
3.4.1. | Titanium dioxide Dye Sensitised Solar Cells DSSC |
3.4.2. | Fullerene enhanced polymers |
3.5. | Other advances in 2008 |
3.5. | Some recent results for inorganic and organic-fullerene photovoltaic cells |
3.5. | Physical Vapor Deposition System for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers |
3.6. | Flexible CIGS module on plastic film |
3.6. | Companies pursuing industrial production of CIGS photovoltaics |
3.6. | Cobalt, phosphate and ITO to store the energy |
3.7. | Quantum Dots Available |
3.7. | CIGS-CGS absorber layer |
3.8. | Roll to roll production of CIGS on metal or polyimide film |
3.8. | Typical quantum dot materials from Evident and their likely application. |
3.9. | Thin film market share module cost by technology |
3.9. | An example of flexible, lightweight CdTe photovoltaics on polymer film |
3.10. | Mass production of flexible thin film electronic devices using the three generations of technology. |
3.11. | A typical DSSC construction |
3.12. | Printed polymer DSSCs as constructed by Solaronix |
3.13. | Solid DSSC from CEA Liten |
3.14. | Typical Solaronix DSSC assembly process. |
3.15. | Examples of DSSCs |
3.16. | Fullerene-pentacene photovoltaic device |
3.17. | Advantages of Pulse Thermal Processing (PTP) |
4. | BATTERIES |
4.1. | Applications of laminar batteries |
4.1. | Some examples of marketing thrust for laminar batteries |
4.1. | Inorganic micro-battery development by CEA Liten, illustrating the various chemistries |
4.2. | CEA Liten Li-Ion battery development |
4.2. | Shapes of battery for small RFID tags advantages and disadvantages |
4.2. | Technology and developers |
4.2.1. | Battery overview |
4.2.2. | CEA Liten |
4.2.3. | Rocket Electric, Bexel, Samsung, LG Chemicals and micro SKC batteries for Ubiquitous Sensor Networks |
4.2.4. | Power Paper |
4.2.5. | Solicore, USA |
4.2.6. | SCI, USA |
4.2.7. | Infinite Power Solutions, USA |
4.2.8. | Cymbet USA |
4.2.9. | Blue Spark Technologies USA |
4.2.10. | Enfucell |
4.2.11. | Progress with lithium batteries in 2008 |
4.2.12. | Printed battery research |
4.3. | Smart skin patches |
4.3. | Examples of suppliers of coin type batteries by country |
4.3. | The Power Paper battery |
4.4. | The Infinite Power battery is very small |
4.4. | The spectrum of choice of technologies for batteries in smart packaging |
4.5. | Reel to reel printing of TBT batteries. |
4.5. | Infinite Power batteries ready for use |
4.6. | Cymbet lithium thin film flexible battery |
4.6. | Examples of potential sources of flexible thin film batteries |
4.7. | Examples of universities and research centres developing laminar batteries |
4.7. | Relative performance claimed by Cymbet for its flexible batteries |
4.8. | Carbon zinc thin film battery from Blue Spark Technologies, formerly Thin Battery Technologies. |
4.8. | Examples of drugs and cosmetics applied by company using iontophoresis |
4.9. | Examples of smart skin patches. |
4.10. | The four generations of delivery skin patches |
4.11. | The Estee Lauder smart cosmetic patch with printed inorganic battery and electrodes launched in 2006 a three pack costing $50 and an eight pack costing $100. |
4.12. | The ultimate dream for smart skin patches for drugs - closed loop automated treatment. |
4.13. | Evolution of smart skin patches |
5. | INORGANIC CONDUCTORS AND SENSORS |
5.1. | Silver, indium tin oxide and general comparisons. |
5.1. | Main applications of conductive inks and some major suppliers today |
5.1. | Silver-based ink as printed and after curing |
5.2. | Conductance in ohms per square for the different printable conductive materials compared with bulk metal |
5.2. | Different options for printing electronics, level of success and examples of companies |
5.2. | Conductor deposition technologies |
5.3. | Conductive Inks |
5.3. | Comparison of metal etch (e.g. copper and aluminium) conductor choices |
5.3. | Loading for spherical conductive fillers |
5.4. | Typical SEM images of CU flake C1 6000F. Copper flake |
5.4. | Electroless metal plate - Additive print process with weakly conductive ink (e.g. plastics or carbon) followed by wet metal plating |
5.4. | Progress with new conductive ink chemistries and cure processes |
5.5. | Printed conductors for RFID tag antennas |
5.5. | Electro metal plate - Additive print process with weakly conductive ink (e.g. plastics or carbon) followed by dry metal plating |
5.5. | Choice of printing technology for RFID antennas today |
5.5.2. | Process cost comparison |
5.5.3. | RFID tag manufacture consolidation and leaders in 2009 |
5.6. | Printable metallic conductors cure at LT e.g. silver based ink |
5.6. | Printing wide area sensors and their memory: Polyscene, Polyapply, 3Plast, PriMeBits, Motorola |
5.6. | Projected tag assembly costs from Alien Technology in US Cents for volumes of several billions of tags |
5.7. | How negative refractive index works |
5.7. | Phase Change Memory |
5.7. | Parameters for metal ink choices |
5.8. | Market share among suppliers for metal (mainly silver) PTF inks |
5.8. | Printing metamaterials |
5.8. | How to make a working printed metamaterial |
5.9. | Meco's Flex Antenna Plating (FAP) machine |
5.9. | Company profiles |
5.9. | Examples of companies progressing printed RFID antennas etc |
5.9.1. | ASK |
5.9.2. | Poly-Flex |
5.9.3. | Avery Dennison |
5.9.4. | Sun Chemical (Coates Circuit Products) |
5.9.5. | Mark Andy |
5.9.6. | InTune (formerly UPM Raflatac) |
5.9.7. | Stork Prints |
5.10. | Some companies progressing ink jettable conductors |
5.10. | Electroless plating and electroplating technologies |
5.10. | APT's FFD prototype can operate faster than 20 meters per minute. |
5.10.1. | Conductive Inkjet Technology |
5.10.1. | Hanita Coatings |
5.10.2. | Omron |
5.10.3. | Meco |
5.10.4. | Additive Process Technologies Ltd |
5.10.5. | Ertek |
5.10.6. | Leonhard Kurz |
5.11. | Process Cost Comparison 1 - low volume - GB £ /sq metre web production - Antenna on substrate only |
5.11. | Polymer - metal suspensions |
5.11. | Additive Process Technologies 2 stage process |
5.12. | Additive Process Technologies antenna cost |
5.12. | Comparison of options |
5.12. | Cost breakdown of an average RFID tag in 2004 and target |
5.13. | Possibilities for various new printed conductors. |
5.13. | Dry Phase Patterning (DPP) |
5.13. | New technology to make conductive patterns |
5.14. | Dry Phase Patterned inductor |
5.14. | Inorganic biomedical sensors |
5.14.1. | Disposable blocked artery sensors |
5.14.2. | Disposable asthma analysis |
6. | NANOTUBES AND NANOWIRES |
6.1. | Nanotubes |
6.1. | Charge carrier mobility of carbon nanotubes compared with alternatives |
6.1. | Properties and morphology of single walled carbon nanotubes |
6.2. | Nanotube shrink-wrap from Unidym |
6.2. | Developers of Carbon Nanotubes for Printed Electronics |
6.2. | Carbon Nanotubes and printed electronics |
6.3. | Developers of Carbon Nanotubes for Printed Electronics |
6.3. | Zinc oxide nanowires generating power |
6.4. | Nanorods in photovoltaics |
6.5. | Zinc oxide nanorod semiconductors |
6.6. | Zinc oxide nano-lasers |
6.7. | Indium oxide nanowires |
6.8. | Zinc oxide nanorod piezo power |
7. | INORGANIC AND HYBRID DISPLAYS AND LIGHTING |
7.1. | AC Electroluminescent |
7.1. | Advantages and disadvantages of electrophoretic displays |
7.1. | An example of an elumin8 electroluminescent display |
7.1.1. | Electroluminescent and other printed displays |
7.1.2. | CASE STUDIES: Electroluminescent applications |
7.1.3. | Rapid Improvements in AC Electroluminescent Displays |
7.2. | A promotional display used at DeBeers |
7.2. | Comparison between OLEDs and E-Ink of various parameters |
7.2. | Thermochromic |
7.2.1. | Heat generation and sensitivity |
7.2.2. | CASE STUDY: Duracell battery testers |
7.3. | A concept inorganic electroluminescent display that is created by the energy of the sun on a window |
7.3. | Electrophoretic |
7.3.2. | Applications of E-paper displays |
7.3.3. | The Killer Application |
7.4. | The six inorganic layers of an ac electroluminescent display screen printed by elumin8 the phosphor is Cu doped ZnS from DuPont |
7.4. | Colour electrophoretics |
7.5. | Inorganic LED lighting and hybrid OLED |
7.5. | elumin8 billboard display with changing images |
7.6. | Pelikon TV remote control and moving image in Fossil watch using ac electroluminescent display using eight inorganic layers |
7.6. | Quantum dot lighting and displays |
7.7. | AC electroluminescent apparel |
7.8. | Pelikon products have progressed as follows |
7.9. | Pelikon's prize winning fashion watch and intuitive flexible touch displays |
7.10. | Future timelines from Pelikon |
7.11. | Experimental game printed on beer pack by VTT Technology of Finland |
7.12. | Duracell battery testing chipless label - front and reverse view |
7.13. | Principle of operation of electrophoretic displays |
7.14. | E-paper displays on a magazine sold in the US in October 2008 |
7.15. | Retail Shelf Edge Labels from UPM |
7.16. | Secondary display on a cell phone |
7.17. | Amazon Kindle 2, launched in the US in February 2009 |
7.18. | Electrophoretic display on a commercially sold financial card |
7.19. | A Polymer Vision display |
7.20. | Electronic paper from Fujitsu |
8. | COMPANY PROFILES |
8.1. | Unidym's target markets for transparent conducting nanotube films |
8.1. | Hewlett Packard |
8.2. | Unidym |
8.2. | NanoMas technology |
8.3. | Konarka thin film solar cell arrays |
8.3. | NanoMas Technologies |
8.4. | Miasolé |
8.4. | G24i has a new UK factory printing titanium oxide photovoltaics |
8.5. | G24i's advanced solar technology vs traditional polycrystalline |
8.5. | Konarka |
8.6. | Spectrolab |
8.6. | Printed Flexible Circuits from Soligie |
8.7. | Capabilities of Soligie |
8.7. | G24i |
8.8. | Soligie |
8.8. | Printed electronics from Soligie |
8.9. | Printing presses used for printing electronics at Soligie |
8.9. | BASF |
8.10. | DaiNippon Printing |
8.10. | An e-label from Soligie |
8.11. | Semiconductor development at Evonik |
8.11. | Evonik |
8.12. | InkTec |
8.12. | Target range for mobility and processing temperature of semiconductors. |
8.13. | Transfer characteristics of gen3 semiconductor system |
8.13. | Samsung |
8.14. | Toppan Printing |
8.14. | Current efficiency of a Novaled PIN OLEDTM stack on an inkjet printed, transparent conductive ITO anode. |
8.15. | Inks developed by InkTec |
8.16. | InkTec Printing methods |
8.17. | Samsung OLED display |
9. | TIMELINES, SIZING OF OPPORTUNITIES AND MARKET FORECASTS |
9.1. | The market for inorganic versus organic electronics defined by chemistry of key element |
9.1. | Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2009-2019 |
9.1. | Market forecasts 2009-2029 |
9.2. | Materials |
9.2. | Market forecast by component type for 2009-2019 in US $ billions, for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic and composites |
9.2. | Percentage share as a whole of the market |
9.3. | Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2009-2029 in billions of dollars |
9.3. | Konarka estimates of opening markets for flexible photovoltaics |
9.3. | Devices |
9.3.1. | Photovoltaics |
9.3.2. | Batteries, displays, etc |
9.4. | Photovoltaic market growth in megawatts by country 2004-2010 |
9.4. | Market for printed and potentially printed electronic devices 2009-2029 in billions of dollars |
9.5. | Statistics for electronic labels and their potential locations |
9.5. | Organic semiconductor projection by IBM |
9.6. | Technical challenges for the next ten year to improvement of FDICD capabilities |
9.7. | Facts about media |
9.8. | SM Products Road Map |
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS | |
APPENDIX 2: GLOSSARY | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 278 |
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Tables | 52 |
Figures | 132 |
Forecasts to | 2019 |