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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Forecasts for small electric vehicles 2016-2027 |
1.1. | Small electric vehicle number in thousands 2016-2027 |
1.1. | Small electric vehicle number in thousands 2016-2027 |
1.2. | Small electric vehicle unit value in dollars thousand ex-factory 2016-2027 |
1.2. | Small electric vehicle unit value in dollars thousand ex-factory 2016-2027 |
1.2. | Reasons for growth |
1.2.1. | Competition and profitability |
1.2.2. | Opportunities |
1.2.3. | Typical requirement |
1.3. | The USA electric bicycle market |
1.3. | Small electric vehicle total global market value in dollar billions 2016-2027 |
1.3. | Small electric vehicle total global market value in dollar billions 2016-2027 |
1.4. | Some types of micro EV |
1.4. | Immortus solar sports car concept. Immortus is likely to be registered as a micro EV/ Quadricycle at least initially due to extreme lightweighting and lack of funds for car homologation testing |
1.4. | Effect of 2015 oil price collapse on electric vehicles |
1.5. | Electric vehicle end game: free non-stop road travel |
1.5. | Immortus ghost diagram |
1.5.1. | Dynamic charging |
1.5.2. | Many harvests together |
1.5.3. | Solar roads |
1.5.4. | Many other options |
1.5.5. | AWE and bladeless wind turbines |
1.5.6. | Multi-mode, minimal storage |
1.5.7. | New storage, lightweighting, streamlining |
1.5.8. | Funding for development of lightweight solar modules on vehicles |
1.5.9. | Bottom line |
1.6. | Micro EV market |
1.6. | Swedish company Midsummer are developing lightweight solar modules for vehicles |
1.6.1. | Honda Neowing concept hybrid electric tricycle announced October 2015 |
1.6.2. | Elio Motors |
1.7. | News in 2016 |
1.7. | Examples of micro EVs for racing, agriculture, golf etc. |
1.7.1. | E-vehicle maker Clean Motion to invest $10m in India |
1.7.2. | PodRide Blends Car-Like Function with Bike-Like Ride |
1.7.3. | Airbus creates world's first 3D-printed motorcycle |
1.7.4. | Victory Motorcycles aim for the podium at Isle of Man TT with an all-new electric motorcycle |
1.7.5. | Alta Motor |
1.7.6. | Performance motorcycle goes asynchronous |
1.7.7. | Electra Meccanica SOLO in full production July 2016 |
1.7.8. | Silex Power announce the Valene Black Mamba three-wheeler - August 2016 |
1.7.9. | Energica Fast Charge Infrastructure Program - September 2016 |
1.7.10. | Union Motion unveil first prototype - November 2016 |
1.7.11. | Electric trikes Philippines - November 2016 |
1.7.12. | Market boost from deregulation - India, late 2016 |
1.8. | News in 2017 |
1.8. | An electric rickshaw allows smaller people to taxi people, by providing pedalling assistance. This example is operated by a young woman in London |
1.8.1. | Cake off-road motorcycle |
1.8.2. | Vigo Motorcycles |
1.8.3. | Alta Motors |
1.8.4. | Essence Motorcycles |
1.8.5. | Evoke China |
1.8.6. | Now scooters have regen braking |
1.8.7. | Japan Post and Honda |
1.8.8. | Helix Motors Inc |
1.8.9. | Harley Davidson - Project LiveWire |
1.8.10. | Tacita Italy |
1.8.11. | Vespa Elettrica Italy |
1.8.12. | Energica Italy |
1.9. | Honda NEOWING |
1.10. | Elio Motors' three-wheeled car |
1.11. | Joachim Zettler (left), CEO of Airbus APWorks GmbH, and Airbus Group CEO Tom Enders presenting 'Light Rider', the world's first 3D-printed motorcycle |
1.12. | Victory RR racing motorcycle |
1.13. | Lito Sora at EVS Montreal Canada |
1.14. | Electra Meccanica SOLO |
1.15. | Valene Black Mamba |
2. | CAR-LIKE VEHICLES NOT HOMOLOGATED AS CARS: MICRO EV, QUADRICYCLE, E TRIKE, NEV, GOLF CAR |
2.1. | Many names, common factors |
2.1. | The Daimler Smart, left, is a mainstream car subject to tax, insurance, crash tests etc. whereas the G-Whiz from India, right, is registered as a quadricycle and was the best-selling pure electric car in the UK for ten years with |
2.1. | Listing of manufacturers beyond golf cars |
2.2. | 19 examples of golf EV manufacturers |
2.2. | Renault Twizy quadricycle which is selling over ten thousand within two years from launch. The standard model has no windows |
2.2. | Car-like vehicles that evade restrictions, taxes and other costs |
2.3. | Philippines delay - watch Bangladesh |
2.3. | Chinese micro EV cars in China. Most of them have three wheels |
2.4. | E-trikes |
2.4. | Terra Motors Interview |
2.4.1. | Introduction |
2.4.2. | Latest market appraisal |
2.4.3. | India |
2.4.4. | Bangladesh |
2.4.5. | Vietnam |
2.4.6. | Philippines |
2.4.7. | Japan |
2.4.8. | IDTechEx conclusion |
2.4.9. | History |
2.5. | Micro EV manufacturers |
2.5. | Logos compared |
2.6. | Expensive version for developed countries and basic version for undeveloped countries |
2.6. | Listing of manufacturers beyond golf cars |
2.7. | Toyota i-ROAD e-trike is a scooter/ Micro EV crossover |
2.7. | Toyota i-ROAD e-trike |
2.8. | Examples of solar racing cars |
2.8. | Micro EV racing cars |
2.9. | Golf cars |
2.9. | E-Rex micro EV racing car |
2.9.1. | What is included |
2.9.2. | Market drivers |
2.9.3. | Listing of manufacturers |
2.10. | Tonaro golf and general purpose vehicle from China |
2.11. | Suzhou Eagle two and four seat golf cars from China |
2.12. | Yongkang Fourstar golf vehicles from China |
2.13. | Shadong Wuzheng golf cars from China |
2.14. | Jinhua Ryder golf car from China |
3. | LIGHT ELECTRIC VEHICLES |
3.1. | Definition of a light electric vehicle |
3.1. | Chinese repair in the street |
3.2. | Chinese e-bike tire repair |
3.2. | How good does it have to be? |
3.3. | What retail price? |
3.3. | E-scooter or e-bike? |
3.4. | Traditional Chinese e-bike |
3.4. | What is an electric bicycle? |
3.4.1. | e-bikes in Europe |
3.4.2. | Pedelec |
3.4.3. | Power on Demand bikes and other categories |
3.4.4. | Electric vehicles for disabled and others |
3.4.5. | Power restriction |
3.4.6. | Notable regulations |
3.5. | Universal Technical Terms for Ebikes |
3.5. | Optibike USA "The Ferrari of Electric Bikes" |
3.6. | Small French folding e-bike |
3.6. | Choices of LEV |
3.6.1. | Rocket drag bike USA |
3.6.2. | Ford USA |
3.6.3. | Grunner e-bike Croatia |
3.6.4. | MOAR folding e-bike USA |
3.6.5. | Moveo foldable scooter Hungary |
3.6.6. | Motorised Skateboard Yuneec China |
3.6.7. | Hubless Scooter E'lution EVO Australia |
3.6.8. | Skateboards and similar in 2015 |
3.6.9. | VeloMetro Veemo rental hybrid |
3.7. | The Industry of LEVs |
3.7. | DK City db0 e-bike |
3.7.1. | Taiwan and China |
3.7.2. | Outside Taiwan and China |
3.7.3. | Too much cost cutting |
3.8. | Tricycles to reduce accidents and help policing |
3.8. | Voltitude folding pedelec |
3.8.1. | Liberty Trike from Electric Bike Technologies |
3.8.2. | Twikke Europe |
3.9. | Chinese domestic ebike left and Currie IZ ViaRapido ebike right |
3.10. | Electric motor scooters in China |
3.11. | Electric moped by Ultra Motor |
3.12. | Electric motorcycle by Vectrix |
3.13. | Electric mini scooters by Currie Technologies |
3.14. | Segway personal transporter |
3.15. | Toyota Winglet personal transporter |
3.16. | 3 wheel LEV with windshield and cover |
3.17. | The folding Yike Bike from New Zealand |
3.18. | Ebike by Ultra Motor A2B |
3.19. | LEV Shop Window with e-bike. |
3.20. | EU small folding e-bike |
3.21. | Chinese ebike loaded down |
3.22. | Chinese e-bike rider |
3.23. | Chinese e-bike with two riders |
3.24. | E-bikes used at Chinese factories |
3.25. | China LEVs at stop light |
3.26. | E-bike Food Delivery for Papa John's in China |
3.27. | E-bike food delivery by A2B Ultra Motor |
3.28. | LEV four wheeler for seniors - a crossover from LEVs to mobility for the disabled |
3.29. | Shawn Lawless Rocket drag bike |
3.30. | Ford e-bikes |
3.31. | Grunner e-bike Croatia |
3.32. | MOAR folding e-bike USA |
3.33. | Moveo foldable scooter Hungary |
3.34. | Yuneec motorised skateboard |
3.35. | E'lution hubless push scooter |
3.36. | Hoverboard specification |
3.37. | Hoverboard overview |
3.38. | The Veemo is a three-wheeled enclosed bicycle with an electric-assist motor |
3.39. | IBD Bloomfield Bikes Ebike Display in CT USA |
3.40. | Electric tricycle |
3.41. | CargoTrike with solar panel giving unlimited range as long as the sun is out. |
3.42. | Examples of three wheel leisure and delivery vehicles promoted at EVS26 in California May 2012 |
3.43. | Liberty Trike |
3.44. | TriBred electric Trikke patrol vehicle and general purpose version |
4. | MOBILITY FOR THE DISABLED |
4.1. | The demographic time-bomb |
4.1. | Percentage of dependent elderly 1970 to 2040 |
4.1. | Statistics relevant to the challenge to society caused by ageing population |
4.1.1. | Ageing population and the dependent elderly |
4.1.2. | Laws make mobility easier |
4.2. | Types of mobility vehicle |
4.2. | The continental percentage split of markets for vehicles for the disabled by value in 2016 |
4.2. | Pihsiang Shoprider pure electric mobility vehicle for the disabled |
4.2.1. | Growth by new market segments |
4.2.2. | Interchina Industry Group China |
4.2.3. | Solar powered power chair in 2013 |
4.3. | Market drivers |
4.3. | The Electric Car (INEC-KARO) for the disabled from Interchina Industry Group |
4.3. | The percentage split of market for vehicles for the disabled by country within Europe |
4.3.1. | Geographical distribution |
4.3.2. | Needs creating new segments |
4.3.3. | What is driving regional differences? |
4.3.4. | Zhejiang R&P Industry China |
4.3.5. | Pride Mobility, USA |
4.3.6. | Toyota Japan |
4.3.7. | Scoozy Netherlands |
4.4. | Listing of manufacturers |
4.4. | Features of mobility vehicles that may hold up the price by offering more in future |
4.4. | Solar powered power chair vehicle for the mobility impaired |
4.5. | Zhejiang R&P Industry ES 413 |
4.5. | The percentage distribution of manufacture between Taiwan and Mainland China by value of vehicles for the disabled 2005, 2010 and 2015 |
4.6. | 82 examples of manufacturers of EVs for the disabled by country |
4.6. | Pride Jazzy on snow - making new things possible |
4.7. | Toyota single seat enclosed vehicle for disabled mobility Nagoya October 2014 |
4.8. | Scoozy mobility scooter |
5. | LEV MARKETS, MARKET DRIVERS AND FORECASTS |
5.1. | Markets by territory |
5.1. | Hero Electric of India Flash Ebike 1 |
5.1. | Global sales of e-bikes/pedelec by number, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2016-2027, rounded |
5.1.1. | China |
5.1.2. | Japan |
5.1.3. | India |
5.1.4. | Europe |
5.1.5. | USA |
5.1.6. | Worldwide |
5.2. | Markets by providers |
5.2. | Chinese cities banning or restricting electric bikes. |
5.2. | Pedego |
5.3. | Electric vehicle energy consumption per passenger kilometer with full occupation |
5.3. | Bicycle Brands with ebikes |
5.3.1. | USA |
5.3.2. | European Bike Brands |
5.3.3. | Netherlands brands: |
5.4. | Channels of distribution |
5.5. | Market forecasts and drivers |
5.6. | Drivers of market |
5.6.1. | Fuel price |
5.6.2. | Fuel availability |
5.6.3. | Efficiency |
5.6.4. | Cost of government subsidy |
5.6.5. | Traffic congestion |
5.6.6. | Parking congestion |
5.6.7. | Urbanization |
5.6.8. | Air pollution |
5.6.9. | Government regulation |
5.6.10. | Personal responsibility |
5.6.11. | Total cost of ownership |
5.6.12. | Aging populations |
5.6.13. | Living in apartments |
5.6.14. | Negative factors |
5.6.15. | Bans in Malaysia and elsewhere? |
6. | ELECTRIC SCOOTERS |
6.1. | Market dynamics |
6.1. | Peugeot e-Vivacity |
6.2. | E-scooter promotion in India |
6.2. | Dominated by East Asia for the next decade |
6.2.1. | Brazil |
6.2.2. | China |
6.2.3. | Europe |
6.2.4. | France |
6.2.5. | Germany |
6.2.6. | India |
6.2.7. | Japan |
6.2.8. | Taiwan |
6.2.9. | Korea |
6.3. | Folding scooters and energy harvesting |
6.3. | Terra motors electric scooter with smartphone |
6.4. | Sanyo system |
6.5. | CM Partner e-motorbike |
6.6. | KPV scooter |
7. | ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES |
7.1. | Tipping point for e-motorcycles and e-maxi scooters |
7.1. | The Zvexx motorcycle |
7.1. | Timeline of key events powering the rapid growth of sales of e-motorcycles, e-maxi scooters and similar three wheel EVs. Technology tends shown in grey. |
7.2. | Global market for e-motorcycles 2016-2027 number K, unit price ex-factory US$ thousand, market value, US$ billion |
7.2. | Price vs battery pack capacity kWh for e-motorcycles and some scooters |
7.2. | Three wheelers |
7.2.1. | Announced in May 2016 |
7.2.2. | Announced in late 2016 |
7.3. | 60 models of 39 manufacturers of e-motorcycles and allied vehicles compared by picture, claims and with IDTechEx appraisal |
7.3. | Market number share by manufacturer in 2014 |
7.3. | Barriers to adoption |
7.4. | Timelines: technology and markets 2015-2025 |
7.4. | Categories of e-motorcycle and allied e-vehicle in survey that are in production or likely to be in production soon |
7.5. | Voltage trends for electric vehicles, showing lithium-ion batteries taking over. |
7.5. | Forecasts: units, price, market value 2016-2027 |
7.6. | E-motorcycle market share |
7.6. | Spread of results in survey. Performance comparison of heavy and light e-motorcycles and e-maxi-scooters in city range, top speed and acceleration. Only models in production or intended for production are compared. Similarities sh |
7.7. | Number of manufacturers by country |
7.7. | Basis of forecasts: e-motorcycles etc. |
7.8. | Components and voltage trends |
7.8. | Battery size kWh vs vehicle cost showing how small electric vehicles have lower up-front cost than conventional ones and the breakeven is moving up to embrace e-motorcycles and e-cars over the coming decade. |
7.9. | Performance/price compromises by category |
7.10. | Manufacturers by country |
7.11. | Cost trend vs conventional alternatives |
7.12. | Comparison of 59 models of e-motorcycle and similar vehicle from 39 manufacturers |
IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS AND CONSULTANCY | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 182 |
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Tables | 17 |
Figures | 96 |
Forecasts to | 2027 |