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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Display value chain |
2.1. | Technology roadmap for flexible OLED displays |
2.1. | An industry transitioning from LCD manufacturing |
2.2. | Why flexible displays? |
2.2. | Technology roadmap for OLED televisions |
2.2. | Difference between OLED and LCD |
2.2.1. | The need to differentiate |
2.2.2. | Enabling future form factors |
2.3. | Evolution of TFT-LCD glass substrate size |
2.3. | Technology Roadmap: components needed for a flexible OLED display |
2.4. | Technology roadmap: OLED televisions |
2.4. | Glass substrate sizes by generation |
2.5. | Sizes from Gen 1 to Gen 10 |
2.6. | Multiple displays per glass sheet |
2.7. | Example of increasing TV sizes |
2.8. | Selling points of flexible displays |
2.9. | Flexible displays will fill the gap which arises from the demand for more portable devices but larger screen sizes |
2.10. | Possible evolution of form factors for mobile phones |
2.11. | Possible evolution of form factors for tablets |
2.12. | Basic stack structure of AMLCD and AMOLED |
2.13. | Roadmap towards flexible AMOLED displays and flexible electronics devices |
3. | OLED STRATEGIES BY DISPLAY MANUFACTURERS |
3.1. | Samsung Display (SDC) |
3.1. | Samsung AMOLED production |
3.1. | LGD flexible OLED panel |
3.1.1. | Novaled acquisition |
3.1.2. | Investment in production capacity |
3.1.3. | Increase in display size |
3.1.4. | The dilemma in TV |
3.2. | LG Display (LGD) |
3.2. | Expected revenue growth for Samsung Display |
3.2. | Display production in mainland China |
3.2.1. | Focus on TV |
3.2.2. | Plastic OLED |
3.2.3. | Investment on both fronts |
3.3. | BOE |
3.3. | Choice of TFT technology for LCD and OLED |
3.4. | Samsung's introduction to Youm |
3.4. | AU Optronics (AUO) |
3.5. | Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology (CSOT) |
3.5. | Samsung's involvement in the key technologies for flexible OLED |
3.6. | Samsung CapEx plan |
3.6. | Visionox |
3.7. | Sony |
3.7. | 55" and 77" curved OLED TV by LG |
3.8. | WRGB OLED structure from LG |
3.8. | Panasonic |
3.9. | Japan Display Inc (JDI) |
3.9. | Plastic OLED display at SID 2013 |
3.10. | Face sealing encapsulation |
3.10. | JOLED |
3.11. | Foxconn - Sharp |
3.11. | Laser assisted release |
3.12. | Circular plastic AMOLED |
3.12. | Toshiba |
3.13. | Flexible display roadmap by LG Display |
3.14. | AMOLED development from 2011 to 2013 |
3.15. | AMOLED technology for TV application |
3.16. | BOE backplane technology development |
3.17. | Flexible display rolled at 20mm curvature radius |
3.18. | Structure of the flexible OLED display |
3.19. | AUO OLED history |
3.20. | Flexible 4.3" display demonstrated in 2010 |
3.21. | Flexible 5" AMOLED display presented at SID2014 |
3.22. | Shenzhen CSOT AMOLED roadmap |
3.23. | Flexible PMOLED backplane |
3.24. | Structure of the flexible PMOLED panel |
3.25. | Visionox AMOLED project |
3.26. | 3.5 inch LTPS flexible full-color AMOLED |
3.27. | Super Top Emission |
3.28. | Rollable 4.1" display presented in 2010 |
3.29. | Panasonic 4K 56" OLED TV at CES 2013 |
3.30. | Structure of a 4" OLED displays made on a PEN substrate |
3.31. | JDI strategy |
3.32. | Foldable display by SEL |
3.33. | Sharp's TFT technologies |
3.34. | Flexible display with IGZO backplane presented at SID 2013 |
3.35. | Flexible 3.4" QHD OLED display by Sharp |
3.36. | Sharp and Pixtronic MEMS |
3.37. | Comparison between IGZO with a-Si and poly-Si |
3.38. | Flexible AMOLED panel fabrication |
3.39. | Photograph of the 10.2" flexible OLED display |
4. | PROGRESS IN PRINTED OLED DISPLAYS |
4.1. | Printed TFT backplanes |
4.1. | Traditional vs. printing methods |
4.1.1. | Why print TFTs? |
4.1.2. | Japan leading the R&D in printed TFTs |
4.2. | Growing availability of printable OLED materials |
4.2. | Many printable semiconductor materials |
4.2.1. | Polymer OLED from Cambridge Display Technology (Sumitomo) |
4.2.2. | Solution processed small molecules |
4.3. | Inkjet Printed OLED |
4.3. | Device structure |
4.3.1. | Printing vs. vapour deposition |
4.3.2. | Panasonic |
4.3.3. | Sony |
4.3.4. | BOE |
4.3.5. | AU Optronics |
4.3.6. | Kateeva |
4.4. | Electrical properties of the printed TFTs |
4.5. | Fully printed, organic, thin-film transistor array |
4.6. | Organic TFT based on ambient conductive metal nanoparticles |
4.7. | Formation of organic semiconductor layer |
4.8. | Transfer characteristics of printed OTFT |
4.9. | Screen printed array |
4.10. | Device structure with floating gate |
4.11. | Offset based printing method |
4.12. | Devices demonstrated by Toppan Printing |
4.13. | Electrophoretic display with printed TFT array |
4.14. | Electrophoretic display made with a printed TFT backplane at 200 ppi |
4.15. | Inkjet printing process |
4.16. | Photograph of the printed oxide TFTs on glass substrate |
4.17. | PLED performance data |
4.18. | Lifetime and efficiency |
4.19. | Printing process |
4.20. | UDC printable OLED materials |
4.21. | Printing seen as an area of future growth (presented in June 2014) |
4.22. | Characteristics of OLED production technologies |
4.23. | Development of OLED printing |
4.24. | Comparison of OLED printing versus OLED vapor deposition |
4.25. | Panasonic 4K 56" OLED TV at CES 2013 |
4.26. | Sony 3" printed OLED demonstrator at SID 2011 |
4.27. | Printing process in 3 steps |
4.28. | Structure of the hybrid printed OLED structure |
4.29. | Pixel structure of the 17" printed OLED display |
4.30. | Development of EL technology 1 |
4.31. | Development of EL technology 2 |
4.32. | Device structure |
4.33. | Picture of the 65" printed TV |
4.34. | Inkjet printing equipment designed for OLED display production |
4.35. | Kateeva YIELDjet |
4.36. | Improving the T95 lifetime |
5. | MARKET SEGMENTATION FOR OLED DISPLAYS |
5.1. | Mobile displays |
5.1. | S-Stripe pixel layout on the Motorola Moto X (left) and the Samsung Galaxy Note 2 (right) |
5.1. | Mobile phone brands with Samsung Display OLED panels in 2014 |
5.2. | Samsung Galaxy Round and LG G Flex |
5.2. | Computers: Tablets and Notebooks |
5.3. | TV and monitors |
5.3. | Concept of foldable phone display |
5.3.1. | LGD taking the lead |
5.3.2. | Competing technologies |
5.4. | Wearable electronics |
5.4. | Concept of a rollable phone display |
5.5. | Samsung Galaxy Tab S |
5.5. | Automotive and Aerospace |
5.6. | Industrial and professional displays |
5.6. | The world's first OLED tablet computer |
5.7. | Lenovo X1 Yoga with AMOLED panel |
5.7. | Microdisplays |
5.8. | Others |
5.8. | 55" and 77" curved OLED TV by LG |
5.9. | Comparison with a conventional TV |
5.10. | 55-in Crystal LED prototype |
5.11. | Gear Fit smartwatch with 1.84" Curved Super AMOLED (432x128) |
5.12. | Gear Fit curved display |
5.13. | Samsung Gear S and LG G Watch R |
5.14. | Asus ZenWatch with a 1.63" AMOLED display |
5.15. | 1.3" PMOLED in a smartwatch |
5.16. | LG Lifeband Touch with monochrome display |
5.17. | Huawei Talkband B1 with monochrome display |
5.18. | Futaba PMOLED |
5.19. | Flexible display prototype driven by OTFT |
5.20. | Apple Watch at the product launch event in September 2014 |
5.21. | Playstation VR |
5.22. | PMOLED display used in Chrysler's Grand Cherokee |
5.23. | PMOLED display used in GM's Chevrolet Corvette |
5.24. | OLED display in the Lexus RX can display graphics and text |
5.25. | Automotive displays from Futaba |
5.26. | Digital rear-view mirror on the Audi R18 race car |
5.27. | BMW M6 OLED display |
5.28. | BMW M Performance Alcantara steering wheel with built-in PMOLED display |
5.29. | AMOLED in automotive |
5.30. | Sony 25" professional monitor |
5.31. | eMagin's microdisplays |
5.32. | Samsung NX30 with a 3" AMOLED display |
5.33. | Microsoft Zune HD with 3.3" display |
5.34. | The original Sony PSP Vita with a 5" OLED display |
5.35. | Game controller with a small display |
6. | MARKET FORECAST |
6.1. | Definition of OLED display technologies |
6.1. | OLED display market size by segments ($ million) |
6.1. | OLED display market size by segments ($ million) |
6.1.1. | AMOLED rigid glass |
6.1.2. | AMOLED rigid plastic |
6.1.3. | AMOLED flexible |
6.1.4. | PMOLED |
6.1.5. | Segmented |
6.1.6. | Microdisplays |
6.2. | Revenue forecast by market segment |
6.2. | OLED display market size by segments (M unit) |
6.2. | OLED display market size by segments (M unit) |
6.3. | OLED display market by display type ($ million) |
6.3. | OLED display market by display type ($ million) |
6.3. | Shipment forecast by market segment |
6.4. | Revenue forecast by technology |
6.4. | OLED display market by display type (M unit) |
6.4. | OLED display market by display type (M unit) |
6.5. | Mobile phones ($ million) |
6.5. | Shipment forecast by technology |
6.6. | Details by market segment |
6.6. | Mobile phones (M units) |
6.6.1. | Mobile phones |
6.6.2. | Tablets/Notebooks |
6.6.3. | TV and monitors |
6.6.4. | Wearable devices |
6.6.5. | Automotive and aerospace |
6.6.6. | Industrial/Professional displays |
6.6.7. | Microdisplays |
6.6.8. | Others |
6.7. | Additional figures |
6.7. | Tablet/Notebook displays ($ million) |
6.7.1. | Compound annual growth rate |
6.7.2. | Market share for each segment |
6.7.3. | Revenue forecast for Plastic and Flexible OLED displays |
6.8. | Tablet/Notebook displays (M units) |
6.9. | TV and monitors ($ million) |
6.10. | TV and monitors (M units) |
6.11. | Wearable devices ($ million) |
6.12. | Wearable devices (M units) |
6.13. | Automotive and aerospace ($ million) |
6.14. | Automotive and aerospace (M units) |
6.15. | Industrial/Professional displays ($ million) |
6.16. | Industrial/Professional displays (M units) |
6.17. | Microdisplays ($ millions) |
6.18. | Microdisplays (M units) |
6.19. | Others ($ million) |
6.20. | Others (M units) |
6.21. | CAGR by market segment |
6.22. | OLED market share for each segment as percentage of total market size |
6.23. | Revenue forecast for plastic and flexible OLED displays |
7. | FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES |
7.1. | Requirements |
7.1. | Glass transition temperature (Tg) for various plastic substrates |
7.1.1. | Key challenges of flexible substrates |
7.1.2. | Process temperature by substrate type |
7.2. | Benchmarking by material type |
7.2. | Upper operating temperature |
7.3. | Heat stabilised PET and PEN |
7.3. | Company profiles |
7.3.1. | DuPont Teijin Films |
7.3.2. | ITRI |
7.3.3. | Samsung Ube Materials |
7.3.4. | Kolon Industries |
7.3.5. | Corning |
7.3.6. | AGC Asahi Glass |
7.4. | Benchmarking based on 8 parameters |
7.5. | FlexUP process for display backplane using a non-sticking debonding layer |
7.6. | Key technologies for Samsung's flexible AMOLED displays |
8. | BACKPLANE TECHNOLOGY |
8.1. | Pixel circuit in Active Matrix backplanes |
8.1. | Typical active matrix circuit for LCD, using one TFT and one storage capacitor per pixel |
8.1. | Comparison of OTFT against other technologies |
8.1.1. | OLED displays are current driven |
8.1.2. | Amorphyx: replacing TFT with diodes |
8.2. | Semiconductor materials |
8.2. | (A) Example of a basic 2T1C circuit. (B) 4T1C circuit implementing voltage compensation |
8.2. | Various flexible display demonstrators made with OTFT |
8.2.1. | Benchmarking of the main technologies |
8.2.2. | Organic TFT |
8.2.3. | Metal oxide TFT |
8.3. | Passive matrix OLED (PMOLED) |
8.3. | Benchmarking of the semiconductor materials |
8.3. | Current status of IGZO vs. a-Si and LTPS |
8.4. | Various flexible display demonstrators made with oxide TFT |
8.4. | Improvement in carrier mobility of organic semiconductors over the last 30 years |
8.4. | Company profiles |
8.4.1. | FlexEnable (formerly Plastic Logic) |
8.4.2. | CBrite |
8.4.3. | Arizona State University |
8.4.4. | SmartKem |
8.4.5. | Polyera |
8.4.6. | Flexink |
8.4.7. | Merck (EMD Chemicals) |
8.4.8. | BASF |
8.5. | Organic materials can be rolled over a small radius |
8.6. | Comparison between metal oxide and organic TFTs |
8.7. | Foldable display by SEL and Nokia |
8.8. | Tri-Fold Flexible AMOLED |
8.9. | Historical annual sales from various suppliers of AMOLED and PMOLED |
8.10. | Curved PMOLED display |
8.11. | Film OLED product launch plan |
8.12. | Glass-free OLED film |
8.13. | Flexible PMOLED backplane |
8.14. | Structure of the flexible PMOLED panel |
9. | FRONTPLANE: OLED LAYERS |
9.1. | Role of each layer |
9.1. | Typical OLED material stack in bottom emission OLED |
9.1. | Suppliers of OLED materials |
9.2. | Material sales |
9.2. | Function of each layer |
9.2. | TADF |
9.3. | Shadow mask vs. White OLED |
9.3. | Various configurations for OLED materials |
9.3.1. | Fine metal mask (FMM) |
9.3.2. | White OLED approach |
9.3.3. | Yellow emitter with color filters |
9.4. | Pixel architecture for printed OLED |
9.4. | Distinction between bottom-emission and top-emission OLED |
9.5. | TADF performance data in litterature |
9.5. | Subpixel layouts |
9.6. | Table of suppliers |
9.6. | Vapour deposition using fine mesh mesh |
9.7. | Alternatives to FMM |
9.7. | Suppliers in China |
9.7.1. | Beijing Aglaia Technology Development Co |
9.7.2. | Borun New Material Technology Co. (Borun Chemical Co) |
9.7.3. | Jilin Optical & Electronic Materials Co |
9.7.4. | Visionox |
9.7.5. | Xi'an Ruilian Modern Electronic Chemicals Co., Ltd |
9.8. | Suppliers in Europe |
9.8. | WOLED was initially developed by Kodak |
9.8.1. | Heraeus |
9.8.2. | Merck |
9.8.3. | Novaled |
9.8.4. | Cynora |
9.9. | Suppliers in Japan |
9.9. | Principles of tandem white OLED |
9.9.1. | Hodogaya |
9.9.2. | Idemitsu Kosan |
9.9.3. | JNC (ex Chisso) |
9.9.4. | Konica Minolta |
9.9.5. | Kyulux |
9.9.6. | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation |
9.9.7. | Mitsui Chemicals |
9.9.8. | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical |
9.9.9. | Nissan Chemical Industries |
9.9.10. | Sumitomo Chemical |
9.9.11. | Toray Industries |
9.10. | Suppliers in Korea |
9.10. | White OLED architecture used in microdisplays |
9.10.1. | Cheil Industries |
9.10.2. | Daejoo Electronic Materials Company |
9.10.3. | Doosan Corporation Electro-Materials |
9.10.4. | Dow Chemical |
9.10.5. | Duksan Hi-Metal |
9.10.6. | LG Chem |
9.10.7. | Sun Fine Chemical Co (SFC) |
9.11. | Suppliers in Taiwan |
9.11. | Two-mask display architecture |
9.11.1. | E-Ray Optoelectronics |
9.11.2. | Luminescence Technology Co. |
9.11.3. | Nichem Fine Technology |
9.12. | Suppliers in USA |
9.12. | Simulation results for the two-mask display architecture |
9.12.1. | DuPont |
9.12.2. | Plextronics (Solvay) |
9.12.3. | Universal Display Corporation |
9.13. | New AMOLED pixel architexture |
9.14. | Deposition layout of four sub pixels |
9.15. | Short term solution with Blue Common Layer |
9.16. | Soluble OLED materials from Merck |
9.17. | iPhone 5 (LCD), traditional RGB stripe |
9.18. | Galaxy S3, Pentile S-stripe layout |
9.19. | Galaxy S4, Diamond layout |
9.20. | Galaxy S5 (diamond layout): |
9.21. | Hodogaya business structure |
9.22. | R&D activity of Idemitsu |
9.23. | OLED material production plant, Paju |
9.24. | Current performance of Konica Minolta |
9.25. | Proprietary blue phosphorescent emitter |
9.26. | Priority initiatives by sector |
9.27. | Cheil Industries growth strategy |
9.28. | Cheil's OLED materials sales |
9.29. | Color performance from SFC |
9.30. | Facilities in Korea |
9.31. | UDC presentation slides |
9.32. | UDC historical revenues |
10. | ITO REPLACEMENT: TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORS |
10.1. | Developed for touch, used in displays |
10.1. | Benchmarking different TCF and TCG technologies |
10.1. | Table of suppliers |
10.2. | A range of technologies available |
10.3. | Table of suppliers |
10.4. | Company profiles |
10.4.1. | Blue Nano |
10.4.2. | Cambrios |
10.4.3. | CNano |
10.4.4. | Canatu |
10.4.5. | NanoIntegris |
10.4.6. | Heraeus |
10.4.7. | Agfa |
11. | BARRIER FILM TECHNOLOGY |
11.1. | Why encapsulation is needed |
11.1. | OLED and OPV have the most demanding requirements |
11.1. | Water vapor and oxygen transmission rates of various materials |
11.1.1. | Organic semiconductors are sensitive to air and moisture |
11.1.2. | Requirements for barrier films |
11.1.3. | Different ways barriers are implemented |
11.1.4. | Dyad concept |
11.2. | Different barrier technologies available |
11.2. | Schematic diagrams for encapsulated structures a) conventional b) laminated c) deposited in situ |
11.2. | Requirements of barrier materials |
11.2.1. | Pros and cons of each approach |
11.2.2. | List of technology suppliers |
11.3. | Vitex Technology (Samsung) |
11.3. | Scanning electron micrograph image of a barrier film cross section |
11.3. | Dyads or inorganic layers on polymer substrates: main performance metrics for some of the most important developers |
11.4. | Design compromise for flexible barriers |
11.4. | Flexible glass |
11.5. | Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) |
11.5. | Lab WVTR achieved (in g/sq.m./day)in research for each of the companies involved in the development of flexible encapsulation solutions |
11.5.1. | Beneq |
11.5.2. | Encapsulix |
11.6. | Surge in patent publications |
11.7. | Examples of polymer multi-layer (PML) surface planarization a) OLED cathode separator structure b) high aspect ratio test structure |
11.8. | Vitex multilayer deposition process |
11.9. | SEM cross section of Vitex Barix material with four dyads |
11.10. | Optical transmission of Vitex Barix coating |
11.11. | Edge seal barrier formation by deposition through shadow masks |
11.12. | Three dimensional barrier structure. Polymer is shown in red, and oxide (barrier) shown in blue |
11.13. | Schematic of flexible OLED with hybrid encapsulation |
11.14. | Corning's Flexible glass with protective tabbing on the edges |
IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS AND CONSULTING | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 279 |
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Tables | 19 |
Figures | 213 |
Forecasts to | 2026 |