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Electric Vehicles for Construction, Agriculture and Mining 2015-2025
Hybrid & pure electric vehicles for construction, maintenance, agriculture and mining: technologies, markets, forecasts
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Electric vehicles for construction, agriculture and mining will be a $30 billion market in 2025. Komatsu, John Deere, Caterpillar, and others manufacture the big vehicles - mainly hybrid - while other manufacturers offer smaller, pure-electric versions.
Pure electric is a legal requirement indoors. Outdoors, fuel saving and better performance attracts. Cranes and man lifters have many applications. Their production volumes are larger than most people realise. So it is with the electric versions set for 253,000 to be sold in 2025.
This is an industry about to change radically. For example, in mining, over 90% of the world's mines are open cast. They are often in remote places up to 4000 meters above sea level, where shipping diesel can cost more than buying it. Consequently, there is now a move to have 350 kW giant haul trucks working the floor and separately the top of the mine with electric rail-veyors lifting the ore from bottom to top. In an all-electric solution new pollution laws can be met, image improved and money saved, the electricity coming from the mine's own wind turbines and photovoltaics. Battery swapping and fast charging of those batteries means 350 kWh batteries suffice - big but no larger than those in other EV sectors.
The new report explains all this and gives detailed forecasts, comparisons and assessments. It shows how mines will electrify much more but only after the current bust period of the boom-and-bust that characterises this industry. It shows why the ubiquitous tractor in agriculture will, at last, be electric in volume quantities by 2025 and how new forms of vehicle design are coming. Benchmarking from the 37 categories of electric vehicle that IDTechEx forecasts, the report explains what new technologies will arrive and why. Supercapacitors, new power components, greater modularisation and integration will transform this industry. The report draws on interviews and results of many recent conferences on these sectors.
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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| 1.1. | Overview |
| 1.1. | Forecasts for mining electric vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 1.1. | Global Prius Sales (thousand) and WTI Oil prices ($/barrel) |
| 1.2. | Rockster stone crusher |
| 1.2. | Forecasts for electric construction and agricultural vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 1.2. | Value proposition and environmental restrictions |
| 1.3. | Are petrol prices affecting the electrification of industrial electric vehicles? |
| 1.3. | Forecasts for heavy mobile cranes electric vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 1.3. | World Bank: Crude oil, $/barrel |
| 1.4. | Forecasts for mining electric vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 1.4. | Forecasts for indoor cranes/platform lifters 2014-2025 |
| 1.4. | Forecasts |
| 1.5. | Autonomous vehicles for agriculture and mining |
| 1.5. | Forecasts for electric agricultural and construction vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 1.6. | Forecasts for heavy mobile cranes electric vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 1.6. | Examples of cranes and lifters |
| 1.7. | Caterpillar and Komatsu move to energy harvesting on hybrid electric vehicles |
| 1.7. | Forecasts for indoor cranes/platform lifters 2014-2025 |
| 1.8. | Grizzly robot electric vehicle for agriculture and mining |
| 1.8. | Effect of 2015 oil price collapse on electric vehicles |
| 1.9. | Powertrain situation in 2017 |
| 1.9. | Sanyo vehicle with extending solar panels for charging when stationary and mine with electric trucks using local solar and wind |
| 1.9.1. | Leaders of change, move to hybrids |
| 1.9.2. | Move to 48V mild hybrids |
| 1.9.3. | Move to autonomy |
| 1.9.4. | Volvo electrification of mining vehicles |
| 1.9.5. | Forklifts change little |
| 1.10. | Energy and work synchronization |
| 1.11. | Bailey hybrid electric crane |
| 1.12. | Konecranes hybrid electric stacker |
| 1.13. | Pure electric manlift |
| 1.14. | Slides from Industrial Vehicle Symposium Cologne Germany November 2016 |
| 1.15. | Volvo hybrid wheel loader with Volvo autonomous pure electric carrier as prototype. |
| 2. | MINING ELECTRIC VEHICLES |
| 2.1. | Challenges in mining |
| 2.1. | Mining Vehicles market estimate 2013 (Equipment and services) |
| 2.1. | Overview |
| 2.1.1. | Underground mining |
| 2.1.2. | The cost of clean air |
| 2.1.3. | Greater depth, greater benefits |
| 2.1.4. | Open cast mining |
| 2.1.5. | Photovoltaics: threat and salvation |
| 2.2. | Mining Industry Vehicle Outlook 2013 2025 |
| 2.2. | Mining Vehicles market estimate 2013 (Equipment) |
| 2.2. | Mass, energy and information flow in mining |
| 2.2.1. | 2013 market estimate |
| 2.2.2. | Caterpillar USA, Komatsu Japan, Atlas Copco Sweden |
| 2.2.3. | Sandvik Sweden |
| 2.2.4. | Joy Global USA |
| 2.2.5. | PapaBravo Canada |
| 2.2.6. | Mining vehicles market estimate 2013 |
| 2.3. | The state of the mining industry |
| 2.3. | Average fuel prices in Canada, cents per litre |
| 2.3. | Global demand for steel, aluminium, copper and coal |
| 2.4. | Forecasts for mining electric vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 2.4. | Typical mine haul truck in Canada |
| 2.4. | Thermal coal in structural decline |
| 2.5. | Roadmap to electrification of mining vehicles |
| 2.5. | Haul truck cost structure in mining |
| 2.5.1. | Asia's growing mining industry, increasingly exploited with electric vehicles: Shaanxi Tongyun China, XEMC China etc |
| 2.5.2. | UQM Technologies Inc enters cooperative production and supply agreement with the Keshi Group |
| 2.5.3. | Canadian government supports hybrid diesel electric loaders |
| 2.6. | Pioneer companies in electrification |
| 2.6. | The electrified open cast mine using pure electric haul trucks and rail-veyors |
| 2.6.1. | Atlas Copco Sweden |
| 2.7. | Forecast: mining electric vehicles 2014 2025 |
| 2.7. | Economics of electric haul trucks with rail-veyors compared with conveyors |
| 2.7.1. | Legal push |
| 2.8. | EPA's regulation on non-road diesel engines |
| 2.8. | The self-powered, electrified open-cast mine with energy-work synchronisation |
| 2.8.1. | Overview |
| 2.8.2. | Non-road emissions reductions |
| 2.9. | Pure electric light mining vehicles |
| 2.10. | A Canadian loader by Mining Technologies International, equipped with a hybrid battery-diesel supply system |
| 2.11. | Tiers 1-4 non-road emissions standards |
| 3. | CONSTRUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL VEHICLES |
| 3.1. | Example of projection of slow progress to volume production of electrically propelled agricultural vehicles |
| 3.1. | Agricultural vehicle market by company and revenue 2012-2013 |
| 3.1. | Overview |
| 3.1.1. | News in 2016 |
| 3.1.2. | Market drivers |
| 3.2. | Pioneers in electrification of construction and agriculture vehicles |
| 3.2. | Construction vehicles market estimate 2013 (Equipment and services). |
| 3.2. | The Caterpillar 336E H is the brand's first hybrid electric excavator. |
| 3.2.1. | Caterpillar |
| 3.2.2. | Caterpillar - BAE Systems UK |
| 3.2.3. | John Deere (Deere and Company) USA |
| 3.2.4. | Mitsubishi Japan |
| 3.2.5. | Multi Tool Trac Netherlands |
| 3.3. | Agriculture industry vehicle market |
| 3.3. | John Deere's 644 K hybrid electric loader |
| 3.3. | Forecasts for electric construction and agricultural vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 3.3.1. | Overview |
| 3.3.2. | Agricultural vehicle electrification |
| 3.3.3. | The need for a standardised communication system in Agricultural Machines |
| 3.3.4. | AGCO Fendt Germany |
| 3.3.5. | Fresh Fruit Robotics |
| 3.3.6. | Ibex Automation Ltd |
| 3.3.7. | John Deere USA |
| 3.3.8. | Merlo Italy |
| 3.3.9. | New Holland (Fiat Italy) |
| 3.3.10. | Robots in agriculture |
| 3.4. | Construction and agricultural vehicle market and players |
| 3.4. | Mitsubishi pure electric micro-truck based on MiEV car being used in farming experiment. |
| 3.4.1. | Mahindra & Mahindra |
| 3.4.2. | John Deere USA |
| 3.4.3. | JCB UK |
| 3.4.4. | Concept autonomous tractor development - August 2016 |
| 3.4.5. | Agricultural vehicle market by company |
| 3.4.6. | Construction vehicle market by company |
| 3.4.7. | Forecast for construction and agricultural electric vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 3.5. | Multi Tool Trac e-tractor |
| 3.6. | Anatomy of MTT tractor |
| 3.7. | Superlatives of hybrid tractor |
| 3.8. | Early stage prototypes |
| 3.9. | ECO vehicle |
| 3.10. | New Holland fuel cell tractor |
| 3.11. | Concept autonomous tractor technology developed by CHH Industrial |
| 4. | CRANES, LIFTERS, MOBILE PLATFORMS |
| 4.1. | Forecasts for heavy mobile cranes electric vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 4.1. | Forecasts for heavy mobile cranes electric vehicles 2014-2025 |
| 4.1. | Overview |
| 4.2. | Forecasts for indoor cranes/platform lifters 2014-2025 |
| 4.2. | Mobile electric scissor lift by Wuhan Chancay Machinery and Electronics |
| 4.3. | Forecasts for indoor cranes/platform lifters 2014-2025 |
| 5. | KEY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES IN MINING, AGRICULTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION ELECTRIC VEHICLES |
| 5.1. | Voltage and other trends in pure electric vehicles |
| 5.1. | Some popular or researched options for lithium-ion batteries |
| 5.1. | Overview |
| 5.2. | Batteries and voltages |
| 5.2. | 143 manufacturers and putative manufacturers of lithium-based rechargeable batteries with country, cathode and anode chemistry, electrolyte morphology, case type, applicational priorities and customer relationships, if any, in sel |
| 5.2. | Stone crusher |
| 5.2.1. | Batteries |
| 5.2.2. | Voltages |
| 5.3. | Some common differences between the requirements of traction motors for pure electric vs hybrid electric traction vehicles |
| 5.3. | The configuration of the module in the electric drive train |
| 5.3. | Supercapacitors |
| 5.3.1. | VISEDO Finland |
| 5.3.2. | Supercapacitors in Port Cranes: Maxwell Technologies USA, Ioxus USA, VISEDO Finland |
| 5.4. | Examples of traditional limitations and market trends by type of basic design of traction motor |
| 5.4. | Fuel cell disillusion in agriculture |
| 5.4. | Range extenders and fuel cells |
| 5.5. | Electric Motors |
| 5.5. | Second generation fuel cell tractor project |
| 5.5. | Summary of preferences of traction motor technology for vehicles |
| 5.5.1. | Overview |
| 5.5.2. | Benefits of electric motors in agricultural machines. |
| 5.5.3. | Design aspects |
| 5.5.4. | Regenerative braking considerations |
| 5.5.5. | Reducing limitations: trend by type |
| 5.5.6. | Motor technology by type of vehicle |
| 5.5.7. | Detailed design studies still come up with opposite conclusions |
| 5.5.8. | Over supply initially |
| 5.5.9. | Switched reluctance motors a disruptive traction motor technology? |
| 5.5.10. | Three ways that traction motor makers race to escape rare earths |
| 5.6. | Second generation fuel cell tractor system |
| 5.6. | New power electronics |
| 5.6.1. | Increased performance and complexity |
| 5.6.2. | Wide band gap semiconductors |
| 5.7. | Comparison of standard and high speed motor suitable for vehicle traction |
| 5.7. | Autonomous vehicles in mining and agricultural applications |
| 5.7.1. | Bosch "Bonirob" Germany |
| 5.7.2. | Google USA Renault France |
| 5.7.3. | Mining vehicles, autonomous: Caterpillar USA, Velodyne USA |
| 5.7.4. | Impact of Autonomous Mining Machines |
| 5.8. | Choice of drive motor |
| 5.9. | Development of a model range of electric motors for agricultural machines |
| 5.10. | GaN Systems capability late 2014 |
| 5.11. | Bosch's "Bonirob" agricultural robot |
| 5.12. | Bonirob can distinguish between crops and weeds |
| 5.13. | The robot is being developed at Deepfield Robotics |
| 5.14. | Laser sensor on Google prototype |
| 5.15. | Google's last prototype of self driving car |
| 5.16. | Caterpillar's Command Autonomous hauling truck |
| 5.17. | Close up of Lidar radar on Caterpillar hauling truck |
| 5.18. | Lidar captures party sequence in Radiohead's House of Cards 3D data music video |
| 5.19. | Lidar mounted in a vehicle captures out door sequence in Radiohead's House of Cards 3D data music video |
| 6. | REFERENCES |
| IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
Electric vehicles for construction, mining and agriculture will be a $30 billion market in 2025
Report Statistics
| Pages | 150 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 18 |
| Figures | 59 |
| Forecasts to | 2025 |
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