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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Forecast for numbers of LEVs sold globally to 2025 |
1.1. | LEV number in millions 2011-2021 |
1.1. | LEV number, unit value in dollars ex factory and total global market value 2011-2021 |
1.2. | LEV unit value in dollars ex factory 2011-2021 |
1.2. | Pricing |
1.3. | Market value forecast |
1.3. | LEV total global market value in dollar billions 2011-2021 |
1.4. | Reasons for growth |
1.4.1. | Competition and profitability |
1.4.2. | Opportunities |
1.4.3. | Typical requirement |
2. | INTRODUCTION TO LIGHT ELECTRIC VEHICLES |
2.1. | Definition of a light electric vehicle |
2.1. | Voltitude folding pedelec |
2.1. | Prices and performance of electric two wheelers |
2.2. | Chinese domestic ebike left and Currie IZ ViaRapido ebike right |
2.2. | The Industry of LEVs |
2.2.1. | Taiwan and China |
2.2.2. | Outside Taiwan and China |
2.2.3. | Too much cost cutting |
2.3. | Electric motor scooters in China |
2.4. | Electric tricycle |
2.5. | Electric moped by Ultra Motor |
2.6. | Electric motorcycle by Vectrix |
2.7. | Electric mini scooters by Currie Technologies |
2.8. | Segway personal transporter |
2.9. | 3 wheel LEV with windshield and cover |
2.10. | The folding Yike Bike from New Zealand |
2.11. | TriBred electric Trikke patrol vehicle and general purpose version |
2.12. | Ebike by Ultra Motor A2B |
2.13. | LEV Shop Window with ebike. |
2.14. | EU small folding ebike |
2.15. | Chinese ebike loaded down |
2.16. | Chinese ebike rider |
2.17. | Chinese ebike with two riders |
2.18. | Ebikes used at Chinese factories |
2.19. | China LEVs at stop light |
2.20. | Ebike Food Delivery for Papa John's in China |
2.21. | Ebike food delivery by A2B Ultra Motor |
2.22. | LEV four wheeler for seniors - a crossover from LEVs to mobility for the disabled |
2.23. | IBD Bloomfield Bikes Ebike Display in CT USA |
3. | REQUIREMENTS FOR LEVS |
3.1. | How good does it have to be? |
3.1. | Chinese Repair in the Street |
3.2. | Chinese Ebike Tire Repair |
3.2. | What retail price? |
3.3. | Escooter or Ebike? |
3.4. | Traditional Chinese Ebike |
3.5. | Optibike USA "The Ferrari of Electric Bikes" |
3.6. | Small French Folding Ebike |
3.7. | DK City db0 Ebike |
4. | TYPES OF LEV AND REGULATIONS |
4.1. | What is an electric bicycle? |
4.1.1. | Pedelec |
4.1.2. | Power on Demand bikes and other categories |
4.1.3. | Electric vehicles for disabled and others |
4.1.4. | Power restriction |
4.1.5. | Notable regulations |
4.2. | Universal Technical Terms for Ebikes |
5. | MOBILITY FOR THE DISABLED - THE SECTOR WITH THE MOST COMPELLING AND ENDURING NEED |
5.1. | The demographic time-bomb |
5.1. | Percentage of dependent elderly 1970 to 2040 |
5.1. | Statistics relevant to the challenge to society caused by ageing population |
5.1.1. | Ageing population and the dependent elderly |
5.1.2. | Laws make mobility easier |
5.2. | Evolution of three families of powered vehicles for the disabled |
5.2. | New Pihsiang Shoprider pure electric mobility vehicle for the disabled |
5.2. | Types of mobility vehicle |
5.2.1. | Growth by new market segments |
5.2.2. | Interchina Industry Group China |
5.3. | Evolution of power chairs 1980 to 2010 |
5.3. | The Electric Car (INEC-KARO) for the disabled from Interchina Industry Group |
5.3. | Market drivers |
5.3.1. | Geographical distribution |
5.3.2. | Needs creating new segments |
5.3.3. | What is driving regional differences? |
5.3.4. | Zhejiang R&P Industry China |
5.3.5. | Pride Mobility, USA |
5.4. | Evolution of scooters for the disabled 1980 to 2010 |
5.4. | Zhejiang R&P Industry ES 413 |
5.4. | Listing of manufacturers |
5.5. | Market forecasts 2011-2021 |
5.5. | Pride Jazzy - making new things possible |
5.5. | The continental percentage split of markets for vehicles for the disabled by value in 2010 |
5.5.1. | Growth by creating new markets |
5.6. | The percentage split of market for vehicles for the disabled by country within Europe |
5.7. | The numbers in thousands of scooters plus power chairs that were and will be sold in Europe 2005 to 2015 |
5.8. | Features of mobility vehicles that may hold up the price by offering more in future |
5.9. | The percentage distribution of manufacture between Taiwan and Mainland China by value of vehicles for the disabled 2005, 2010 and 2015 |
5.10. | Market for EVs for the disabled by geographical region, ex works pricing and percentage split in 2005, 2010 and 2020 |
5.11. | 82 examples of manufacturers of EVs for the disabled by country |
5.12. | Global sales of EVs used as mobility aids for the disabled by number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2011-2021, rounded |
6. | LEV TECHNOLOGIES |
6.1. | Battery Technology - as currently used in LEVs, on a pack level |
6.1. | Battery pack interiors |
6.1.1. | SVRLA strengths and weaknesses |
6.1.2. | Battery packagers |
6.1.3. | Battery Packs from China |
6.1.4. | Power management and user interface |
6.1.5. | Electric motor controller |
6.1.6. | Motor Controls: |
6.1.7. | Accessory features: |
6.1.8. | Chinese Coin Charger |
6.1.9. | Energy harvesting |
6.1.10. | User Interface |
6.1.11. | Real Time Data Logging and Reporting |
6.1.12. | Infrastructure challenges and Government incentives |
6.2. | Controller by Suzhou Bafang |
6.2. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
6.2.1. | Advanced Battery Technologies (ABAT) China |
6.2.2. | Leyden Energy USA |
6.2.3. | PowerGenix USA |
6.2.4. | ReVolt Technologies Ltd Switzerland |
6.2.5. | Toshiba Japan |
6.3. | Lead Acid Battery Charger by High Power |
6.4. | Solar parking lot for charging by Sanyo |
6.5. | User Interface by Gepida |
6.6. | User Interface by BionX |
6.7. | UI 1 Photo with phone Interface |
6.8. | Toshiba e-bike battery |
7. | LEV STANDARDS AND COMPONENT INDUSTRIAL TRENDS |
7.1. | Standards Efforts |
7.1. | SVRLA battery sizes by Long |
7.2. | Transparent battery box |
7.2. | Component industry trends |
7.3. | LEV electric motor industry |
7.3. | Innovative Chinese motor |
7.4. | High speed brushless motor by Bafang |
7.4. | Controller industry |
7.5. | Wiring harness and connectors |
7.5. | Typical connector |
8. | LEV MARKETS, MARKET DRIVERS AND FORECASTS |
8.1. | Markets by territory |
8.1. | Example of China exports to the EU |
8.1. | World e-bike sales (Units) estimated for 2007-2010 |
8.1.1. | China |
8.1.2. | Japan |
8.1.3. | India |
8.1.4. | Europe |
8.1.5. | USA |
8.1.6. | Worldwide |
8.2. | Markets by providers |
8.2. | Chinese cities banning or restricting electric bikes. |
8.2. | Hero Electric of India Flash Ebike 1 |
8.3. | Electric vehicle energy consumption per passenger kilometer with full occupation. |
8.3. | Bicycle Brands with ebikes or expected to have ebikes soon: |
8.3.1. | USA |
8.3.2. | European Bike Brands |
8.3.3. | Netherlands brands: |
8.4. | Channels of distribution |
8.5. | Market forecasts and drivers |
8.6. | Drivers of market |
8.6.1. | Fuel price |
8.6.2. | Fuel availability |
8.6.3. | Efficiency |
8.6.4. | Cost of government subsidy |
8.6.5. | Traffic congestion |
8.6.6. | Parking congestion |
8.6.7. | Urbanization |
8.6.8. | Air pollution |
8.6.9. | Government regulation |
8.6.10. | Personal responsibility |
8.6.11. | Total cost of ownership |
8.6.12. | Aging populations |
8.6.13. | Living in apartments |
8.6.14. | Negative factors |
8.6.15. | Bans in Malaysia and elsewhere? |
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX EV PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
APPENDIX 2: LISTINGS OF LEV BRANDS, OEMS, COMPONENT MAKERS | |
APPENDIX 3: ADDITIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 216 |
---|---|
Tables | 16 |
Figures | 54 |
Case Studies | 70 |
Forecasts to | 2021 |