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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Range extender market in 2021 |
1.1. | Forecast for car, hybrid car and car range extender sales globally in thousands 2011-2021 |
1.1. | Probable global market for electric vehicle range extenders in 2021 by power, number and market value for small, medium and large range extenders |
1.2. | Forecasts of global sales of electric vehicles by numbers thousands 2011-2021 |
1.2. | Forecasts of global sales of electric vehicles by value ex factory $ billion 2011-2021 |
1.2. | EV Market 2011 and 2021 |
1.3. | Ten year forecast for electric cars, hybrids and their range extenders |
1.3. | Advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vs pure electric vehicles |
1.3. | Forecast for car, hybrid car and car range extender sales globally in thousands 2011-2021 |
1.4. | Forecasts of global sales of electric vehicles by value ex factory $ billion 2011-2021 |
1.4. | Indicative trend of charging and electrical storage for large hybrid vehicles over the next decade. |
1.4. | EV sales by type 2011-2021 |
1.5. | Hybrid and pure electric vehicles compared |
1.5. | Evolution of construction of range extenders over the coming decade |
1.5. | Some primary hybrid market drivers |
1.6. | Three generations of range extender with examples of construction, manufacturer and power output |
1.6. | Examples of range extender technology in the shaft vs no shaft categories |
1.6. | Hybrid market drivers |
1.7. | What will be required of a range extender 2012-2022 |
1.7. | Illustrations of range extender technologies over the coming decade with "gen" in red for those that have inherent ability to generate electricity |
1.8. | Trend of size of largest (in red) and smallest (in green) fuel cell sets used in bus trials worldwide over the last twenty years. |
1.8. | Three generations of range extender |
1.9. | Why range extenders need lower power over the years |
1.9. | Evolution of lower power range extenders for large vehicles |
1.10. | Three generations of lithium-ion battery |
1.10. | Energy harvesting - mostly ally not alternative |
1.11. | Key trends for range extended vehicles |
1.11. | The most powerful energy harvesting in vehicles |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Types of electric vehicle |
2.1. | ThunderVolt hybrid bus |
2.2. | BAE Systems powertrain in a bus |
2.2. | Many fuels |
2.3. | Born electric |
2.3. | Hybrid bus powertrain |
2.4. | Hybrid car powertrain using CNG |
2.4. | Pure electric vehicles are improving |
2.5. | Series vs parallel hybrid |
2.5. | Mitsubishi hybrid outdoor forklift replacing a conventional ICE vehicle |
2.6. | Hybrid military vehicle that replaces a conventional ICE version |
2.6. | Modes of operation of hybrids |
2.6.1. | Plug in hybrids |
2.6.2. | Charge-depleting mode |
2.6.3. | Blended mode |
2.6.4. | Charge-sustaining mode |
2.6.5. | Mixed mode |
2.7. | Microhybrid is a misnomer |
2.7. | Hybrid sports boat replacing a conventional ICE version |
2.8. | CAF-E hybrid motorcycle design based on a Prius type of drivetrain |
2.8. | Deep hybridisation |
2.9. | Battery cost and performance are key |
2.9. | Hybrid tugboat replacing a conventional ICE version to meet new pollution laws and provide stronger pull from stationary |
2.10. | Some hybrid variants |
2.10. | Hybrid price premium |
2.11. | Progressing the REEV |
2.11. | Evolution of plug in vs mild hybrids |
2.12. | Trend to deep hybridisation |
2.12. | What is a range extender? |
2.12.1. | First generation range extender technology |
2.12.2. | Second generation range extender technology |
2.12.3. | Radically new approaches - Hüttlin range extender |
2.12.4. | Third generation range extender technology |
2.13. | Market position of fuel cell range extenders |
2.13. | Evolution of hybrid structure |
2.14. | Three generations of lithium-ion traction battery |
2.14. | Energy harvesting on and in electric vehicles |
2.15. | Tradeoff of energy storage technologies |
2.15. | Battery price assisting price of hybrid and pure electric vehicles as a function of power stored. |
2.16. | Probable future improvement in parameters of lithium-ion batteries for pure electric and hybrid EVs |
2.16. | Trend to high voltage |
2.17. | Component choices for energy density/ power density |
2.17. | Cleaner hybrid bus promotion |
2.18. | Price premium for hybrid buses |
2.18. | Fuel cells rescued by batteries |
2.19. | PEM fuel cells |
2.19. | Main modes of rotational energy harvesting in vehicles |
2.20. | Main forms of photovoltaic energy harvesting on vehicles |
2.20. | Trend to distributed components |
2.21. | Trend to flatness then smart skin |
2.21. | Maximum power from the most powerful forms of energy harvesting on or in vehicles |
2.22. | Hybrid bus with range improved by a few percent using solar panels |
2.23. | Comparison of battery technologies |
2.24. | Possible trend in battery power storage and voltage of power distribution |
2.25. | Comparison of energy density of power components for hybrid vehicles |
2.26. | Trend of size of the largest (in red) and smallest (in green) fuel cell sets used in 98 bus trials worldwide over the last twenty years. |
2.27. | Evolution of traction batteries and range extenders for large hybrid electric vehicles as they achieve longer all-electric range over the next decade. |
2.28. | Three generations of lithium-ion battery with technical features that are sometimes problematical |
2.29. | The principle of the Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells |
2.30. | Mitsubishi view of hybrid vehicle powertrain evolution |
2.31. | Flat lithium-ion batteries for a car and, bottom, UAVs |
2.32. | Supercapacitors that facilitate fast charging and discharging of the traction batteries are spread out on a bus roof |
2.33. | Asola photovoltaic panel on Fisker hybrid sports car. |
3. | ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET OVERVIEW |
3.1. | The whole picture |
3.1. | Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2011-2021, by applicational sector |
3.1. | Main market drivers 2011-2021 |
3.1.1. | Synergies |
3.1.2. | What is excluded? |
3.2. | Largest sectors |
3.2. | Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2021, by applicational sector, rounded |
3.2. | Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2011-2021, by applicational sector |
3.3. | Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2021, by applicational sector, rounded |
3.3. | Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2021, by applicational sector, rounded |
3.3. | Numbers of manufacturers |
3.4. | Heavy industrial sector |
3.4. | Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide by application in 2010 |
3.4. | Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2021, by applicational sector, rounded |
3.5. | Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide in 2010 by application with numbers for China |
3.5. | Number of manufacturers of electric vehicles in China by application in 2010 |
3.5. | Buses |
3.6. | The light industrial and commercial sector |
3.6. | Energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options. |
3.6. | Global sales of heavy industrial EVs by numbers, ex factory unit price and total value 2011-2021, rounded |
3.7. | Global sales of buses, ex factory unit price and total value 2011-2021, rounded |
3.7. | The Mission Motors Mission One 150 mph, 150 mile range electric motorcycle |
3.7. | Two wheel and allied vehicles |
3.8. | Cars |
3.8. | Global sales of light industrial and commercial EVs by numbers thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded. |
3.9. | Global sales of EVs used as mobility aids for the disabled by number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2011-2021, rounded |
3.9. | Golf |
3.10. | Military |
3.10. | Global sales of two wheel and allied EVs number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded. |
3.11. | Global sales of electric cars number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded. |
3.11. | Marine |
3.12. | Other |
3.12. | Value of the hybrid, pure electric and total electric car market in billions of dollars 2010-2020 |
3.13. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars plugged in and the total number in thousands 2011-2021 |
3.13. | Market for EV components |
3.14. | Timelines |
3.14. | Global sales of electric golf cars in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded |
3.15. | Global sales of electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded. |
3.15. | Watch Japan, China and Korea |
3.16. | Vacillation by some governments |
3.16. | Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded. |
3.17. | Global sales of other electric vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011-2021, rounded |
3.17. | Healthy shakeout of the car industry |
3.18. | Full circle back to pure EVs |
3.18. | Components and subsystems fitted in new electric vehicles 2010-2020 in thousands |
3.19. | Highlights 2010-2020 |
3.19. | Winning strategies |
4. | MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR REEVS |
4.1. | Range extenders for land craft |
4.1. | Northrop Grumman surveillance airship with fuel cell range extender and energy harvesting for virtually unlimited range. |
4.2. | Light utility aircraft - power-systems weight comparison |
4.2. | Range Extenders for electric aircraft |
4.2.1. | Military aircraft |
4.3. | Comparisons |
4.3. | Light primary trainer - power-systems weight comparison |
4.4. | Battery and jet fuel loading |
4.4. | Fuel cells in aviation |
4.5. | Civil aircraft |
4.5. | Pilot plus payload vs range for fuel cell light aircraft and alternatives |
4.6. | Total weight vs flight time for PEM fuel cell planes |
4.6. | Potential for electric airliners |
4.7. | Range extenders for marine craft |
4.7. | Takeoff gross weight breakdowns. Left: Conventional reciprocating-engine-powered airplane. Right: Fuel-cell-powered airplane. |
4.8. | JAMSTEC Fuel Cell Underwater Vehicle FCUV |
4.9. | Soliloquy superyacht with multiple energy harvesting including solar sails that fold like a penknife |
5. | RANGE EXTENDER DEVELOPERS AND MANUFACTURERS |
5.1. | Advanced Magnet Laboratory USA |
5.1. | AeroVironment Raven |
5.1. | Data for RQ-11A version of AeroVironment Raven |
5.2. | Raven enhancement |
5.2. | Aerovironment / Protonex Technology USA |
5.3. | Austro Engine Austria |
5.3. | Aqua Puma |
5.4. | AeroVironment Helios |
5.4. | Bladon Jets UK |
5.5. | Capstone Turbine Corporation USA |
5.5. | Global Observer first flight August 2010 |
5.6. | Bladon Jets gas turbine range extender for cars and light aircraft and the Jaguar CX75 |
5.6. | Clarian Laboratories USA |
5.7. | Daimler AG inc Mercedes Benz Germany |
5.7. | Jaguar Land Rover |
5.8. | Capstone microturbine |
5.8. | DLR German Aerospace Center Germany |
5.9. | EcoMotors |
5.9. | Capstone turbine in a Japanese bus |
5.10. | Various sizes of Capstone MicroTurbines |
5.10. | Ener1 USA |
5.11. | FEV USA |
5.11. | Clarian Laboratories' range extender |
5.12. | Daimler roadmap for commercial vehicles |
5.12. | Flight Design Germany |
5.13. | Getrag Germany |
5.13. | DLR fuel cell and the electric A320 airliner nose wheel it drives when the airliner is on the ground. |
5.14. | Holstenblitz fuel cell car trial |
5.14. | GSE USA |
5.15. | Intelligent Energy UK |
5.15. | EcoMotors opposing piston range extender |
5.16. | FEV extreme downsized range extender engine |
5.16. | Lotus Engineering UK |
5.17. | MAHLE Powertrain UK |
5.17. | GSE mini diesel driving a propeller |
5.18. | Greg Stevenson (left) and Gene Sheehan, Fueling Team GFC contender, with GSE Engines. |
5.18. | Polaris Industries Switzerland |
5.19. | Powertrain Technologies UK |
5.19. | Block diagram of the Frank/Stevenson parallel hybrid system |
5.20. | Fuel cell taxi trials |
5.20. | Proton Power Systems plc UK/Germany |
5.21. | Ricardo UK |
5.21. | Fuel cell development |
5.22. | Lotus hybrid powertrain and second generation range extender ICE |
5.22. | Volkswagen Germany |
5.23. | Lotus monoblock range extender |
5.24. | Proton EMAS |
5.25. | Polaris REX range extender left with generator, right with peripherals as well |
5.26. | Location of technical advances in Polaris range extender |
5.27. | Ricardo Wolverine engine for hybrid UAVs |
5.28. | Volkswagen XL1 hybrid concept |
6. | RANGE EXTENDER INTEGRATORS |
6.1. | Altria Controls USA |
6.1. | Adura powertrain with microturbine. |
6.2. | Ashok Leyland CNG hybrid bus |
6.2. | Ashok Leyland India |
6.3. | Audi Germany |
6.3. | Azure Dynamics hybrid powertrain |
6.4. | Bus with BAE Systems hybrid power train |
6.4. | AVL Austria |
6.5. | Azure Dynamics USA |
6.5. | Boeing fuel cell aircraft |
6.6. | DesignLine bus with Capstone turbine range extender. |
6.6. | BAE Systems UK |
6.7. | BMW Germany |
6.7. | ENFICA FC two seater fuel cell plane |
6.8. | Ford Lincoln hybrid car has no price premium over the conventional version |
6.8. | Boeing Dreamworks USA |
6.9. | Chrysler USA |
6.9. | Frazer-Nash REEV powertrain |
6.10. | Namir EREV Supercar |
6.10. | DesignLine New Zealand |
6.11. | EADS Germany |
6.11. | Proton Exora |
6.12. | Chevrolet Volt powertrain |
6.12. | ENFICA-FC Italy |
6.13. | Ford USA |
6.13. | Honda IMA |
6.14. | German fuel cell powered diesel submarine |
6.14. | Frazer-Nash UK |
6.15. | General Motors including Opel |
6.15. | Hyundai Blue hybrid car |
6.16. | Hyundai fuel cell powered car |
6.16. | Honda Japan |
6.17. | Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Germany |
6.17. | Igot Chak hybrid motorcycle |
6.18. | Hybrid Land Rover trial |
6.18. | Hyundai Korea |
6.19. | Igor Chak Russia |
6.19. | Planned Jaguar supercar |
6.20. | The LPE REEV concept car |
6.20. | Jaguar Land Rover UK |
6.21. | Lange Aviation Germany |
6.21. | Marion Hyper-Sub Submersible Powerboat |
6.22. | Skyspark in flight 2009 |
6.22. | Langford Performance Engineering Ltd UK |
6.23. | Marion HSPD USA |
6.23. | Suzuki Burgman fuel cell scooter |
6.24. | Suzuki concept fuel cell motorcycle headed for production |
6.24. | Pipistrel Slovenia |
6.25. | SAIC China |
6.25. | Tata Motors roadmap for hybrid commercial vehicles |
6.26. | Toyota Prius hybrid car is the world's best selling electric car |
6.26. | Skyspark Italy |
6.27. | Suzuki Japan |
6.27. | Toyota hybrid forklift |
6.28. | Turtle Airship landed on water in concept drawing |
6.28. | Tata Motors India |
6.29. | Toyota Japan |
6.29. | Glassock hybrid set up for dynamometer testing |
6.30. | Hybrid quad bike |
6.30. | Turtle Airships Spain |
6.31. | University of Bristol UK |
6.31. | Hydrogenius |
6.32. | Tyrano hybrid tractor |
6.32. | Université de Sherbrooke Canada |
6.33. | University of Stuttgart Germany |
6.33. | Volvo hybrid bus |
6.34. | Volvo technical concept 1 |
6.34. | Vision Motor Corporation USA |
6.35. | Volvo Sweden/ China |
6.35. | Volvo technical concept 2 |
6.36. | Volvo technical concept 3 |
6.36. | Yo-Avto Russia |
7. | MARKET DRIVERS AND FORECASTS |
7.1. | Market drivers and impediments |
7.1. | Forecast for car, hybrid car and car range extender sales globally in thousands 2011-2021 |
7.1. | Primary hybrid market drivers |
7.2. | Probable global market for electric vehicle range extenders in 2021 by power, number and market value for small, medium and large range extenders |
7.2. | Indicative trend of charging and electrical storage for large hybrid vehicles over the next decade. |
7.2. | Funding as a market driver |
7.3. | EV Market 2011 and 2021 |
7.3. | Evolution of construction of range extenders over the coming decade |
7.3. | Forecasts of global sales of electric vehicles by numbers thousands 2011-2021 |
7.4. | Forecast for car, hybrid car and car range extender sales globally in thousands 2011-2021 |
7.4. | Examples of range extender technology in the shaft vs no shaft categories |
7.4. | Ten year forecast for electric cars, hybrids and their range extenders |
7.5. | Three generations of range extender |
7.5. | Illustrations of range extender technologies over the coming decade with "gen" in red for those that have inherent ability to generate electricity |
7.5. | Three generations of range extender with examples of construction, manufacturer and power output |
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
APPENDIX 2: GLOSSARY | |
APPENDIX 3: FUEL CELL 2000 SUMMARY OF FUEL CELL BUS TRIALS TO 2010 | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 226 |
---|---|
Tables | 31 |
Figures | 126 |
Companies | 57 |